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Ancient Rhetoric T1
Covers essential characters, philosophers, rhetoricians, and definitions
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| Aristotle | A renowned Greek philosopher and polymath. His Rhetoric is a foundational work in the study of persuasion, outlining different types of rhetoric, modes of persuasion, and rhetorical techniques. |
| Plato | A highly influential Greek philosopher and student of Socrates. His dialogues often explore the nature of rhetoric in relation to truth and justice, frequently contrasting it with philosophy. |
| Socrates | A pivotal figure in Greek philosophy, known for his method of questioning (elenchus). He is often portrayed in Plato's dialogues critiquing sophistic rhetoric and emphasizing ethical inquiry. |
| Sophists (General) | A group of traveling teachers in ancient Greece who offered instruction in various subjects, including rhetoric. They were often criticized by Plato and others for prioritizing persuasive success over truth. |
| Isocrates | A prominent Athenian rhetorician and teacher of rhetoric. He emphasized the importance of practical wisdom and civic virtue in effective speaking, distinguishing his approach from the more purely theoretical or eristic methods of some sophists. |
| Lysias | A notable logographer (speechwriter) in ancient Athens, known for his clear and direct style. The authenticity of a speech attributed to him is debated in the Aristotle Introduction. |
| Agathon | A Greek tragic poet whose work is quoted by Aristotle to illustrate the roles of art and destiny. |
| Isocrates (As Mentioned by Aristotle) | Likely a reference to the more famous Isocrates, used as an example of someone inferior achieving something that a supposedly superior person should also be able to. |
| Euthynus | Mentioned by Isocrates (and referenced by Aristotle) as someone who discovered something that Isocrates believed he should also be able to find. |
| Iphicrates | An Athenian general known for his military successes and also for his sharp wit in rhetorical exchanges, examples of which are given by Aristotle. |
| Aristophon | A person who engaged in a rhetorical exchange with Iphicrates, as recounted by Aristotle. |
| Mixidemides | Attacked by Autocles, with the example of the Dread Goddesses submitting to the Areopagus's judgment used as a rhetorical point. |
| Autocles | Used the example of the Dread Goddesses and the Areopagus in an argument against Mixidemides. |
| Sappho | A famous Greek lyric poet whose saying about death is used as an example in Aristotle's Rhetoric. |
| Aristippus | A philosopher known for his witty remarks, one of which, in response to Plato and referencing Socrates, is cited by Aristotle. |
| Hegesippus | Mentioned by Aristotle for a saying used in argumentation. |
| Theodectes | A Greek tragic poet whose play Alcmaeon provides an example for Aristotle's discussion of justice. |
| Alcmaeon | The protagonist of Theodectes' play, whose response is used to illustrate a point about justice in Aristotle's Rhetoric. |
| Harmodius and Aristogeiton | Athenian tyrannicides whose actions were often invoked as examples of patriotic bravery. |
| Alexander the Great | A figure from a story used by Aristotle to illustrate a point about the definition of incontinence. |
| Archelaus | Likely Archelaus of Macedon, whose court Socrates supposedly avoided, giving a reason that Aristotle cites. |
| Canon | An Athenian general who used the meaning of names in his arguments, calling Thrasybulus "rash in counsel." |
| Thrasybulus | An Athenian statesman and general, referred to by Conon and Herodicus in examples of drawing meanings from names. |
| Herodicus | Mentioned by Aristotle for drawing meanings from the names of Thrasymachus and Polus. |
| Thrasymachus | A sophist whose boldness was remarked upon by Herodicus. |
| Polus | A rhetorician whose name was used by Herodicus to make a point. |
| Draco | An early Athenian legislator known for his harsh laws, whose name was used metaphorically. |
| Euripides | A renowned Greek tragedian whose works are frequently cited by Aristotle for examples of rhetoric and poetic language. |
| Hecuba | A character in Euripides' plays whose statement about Aphrodite's name is used by Aristotle. |
| Aphrodite | The Greek goddess of love, whose name is discussed by Hecuba in Euripides' play. |
| Callias | Engaged in a rhetorical exchange with someone criticizing Iphicrates, defending Iphicrates's religious title. |
| Dionysus | The Greek god of wine and theater, associated with actors. |
| Telephus | A character in a play by Euripides whose words are used as an example of strategic word choice. |
| Licymnius | Mentioned by Aristotle in the context of how words can lie in their sound or meaning. |
| Bryson | A sophist whose argument about the equivalence of language is refuted by Aristotle. |
| Orestes | A figure from Greek mythology known for avenging his father's death, used as an example of epithets with positive and negative connotations. |
| Simondies | A Greek lyric poet who refused to write an ode for a mule-race victor for a small fee, later writing one upon receiving a larger sum. |
| Aristophanes | A famous Greek comic playwright whose use of diminutives is mentioned by Aristotle. |
| Iphicrates (in a different context) | Called a "mendicant priest" by someone, which Callias defends by saying he should be called a "torch-bearer." |
| Typho | A monstrous mythical beast, used by Plato in a pun with the Greek word for "gentle." |
| Theuth (or Thoth) | The Egyptian god of writing and knowledge, identified with Hermes by the Greeks, featuring in a story related to the invention of writing. |
| Thamus (Ammon) | An Egyptian god and king, identified with the Greek god Zeus, who has a conversation with Theuth about the merits of writing. |
| Darius | The Persian king who sent an expedition against Eretria and Athens, mentioned in Plato's Menexenus. |
| Eritreans | The people of Eretria who were attacked by Darius's forces. |
| Athenians | The people of Athens who were also targeted by Darius's expedition. |
| Datis | The commander of Darius's Persian forces sent against Eretria and Athens. |
| Melians | The inhabitants of the island of Melos who engaged in a famous dialogue with the Athenians, recorded by Thucydides |
| Athenians (in the Melian Dialogue) | Representatives of Athens who demanded the surrender of Melos. |
| Cleon | An Athenian demagogue whose speeches during the Peloponnesian War are analyzed in the context of the Melian Dialogue. |
| Diodotus | An Athenian who opposed Cleon's harsh proposal regarding the Mytilenians, his arguments are contrasted with Cleon's. |
| Pericles | A prominent Athenian statesman and orator whose leadership is idealized by Demosthenes as a model for statesmanship. |
| Demosthenes | A renowned Athenian orator who fiercely opposed Philip II of Macedon. His speeches are analyzed for their rhetorical strategies and self-presentation. |
| Philip II of Macedon | The king of Macedon whose expansionist policies were the target of Demosthenes' oratory. |
| Olynthians | The people of Olynthus whose initial support for Philip and subsequent betrayal are used as a cautionary example by Demosthenes. |
| Thessalians | Another group whose initial welcome of Philip and later oppression serve as a warning in Demosthenes' speeches. |
| Argives and Messenians | Peloponnesian peoples contrasted with the Athenians in Demosthenes' oratory regarding their judgment and foresight. |
| Ajax | A heroic figure from Greek mythology, particularly in the Iliad, who is the subject of a rhetorical contest with Odysseus in Antisthenes's work. |
| Odysseus | Another prominent hero from Greek mythology, known for his cunning and eloquence, who competes with Ajax for Achilles' arms in the work attributed to Antisthenes. |
| Achilles | The central hero of the Iliad, whose armor becomes the prize in the rhetorical contest between Ajax and Odysseus. |
| Anthisthenes | A student of Socrates who wrote on various philosophical and rhetorical topics, including a portrayal of the contest between Ajax and Odysseus. |
| Palamedes | A figure from Greek mythology known for his intelligence and inventions, who is depicted delivering a defense speech in a sophistic exercise. |
| Cleobuline | An early Greek poet whose lines are quoted in the Dissoi Logoi to support the idea that just actions can involve deception. |
| Aeschylus | A celebrated Greek tragedian whose work is cited in the Dissoi Logoi regarding divine approval of deception. |
| Orestes and Alcmaeon (in Dissoi Logoi) | Their actions of killing close relatives are presented as examples of actions considered just under certain circumstances, based on divine pronouncements. |
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millerray
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