Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Heart and Lungs Test
| Term/Question | Definition/Answer |
|---|---|
| Circulation | process of carrying pure blood to body tissues and returning impure blood to the heart |
| The 3 parts of circulation | heart, blood vessels (veins, arteries, capillaries), blood |
| Heart | muscular pump |
| The 4 chambers of the heart | Atria (2), Ventricles (2) |
| Atria | 2 upper chambers that receive blood |
| Ventricles | 2 lower chambers that pump blood out of the heart |
| Pericardium | sac that surrounds the heart |
| Septum | muscular wall dividing the heart into right and left sides to prevent pure and impure blood from mixing |
| Valves | flaps of tissue in the heart that keeps blood flowing in one direction |
| Sinoatrial (SA) node (pacemaker) | a bundle of nerve tissue in the right atrium that regulates atrial contraction |
| Atrioventricular (AV) node | on the septum between the atria that regulates ventricle contraction, causing them to contract at the same time |
| Nerves Connected to the pacemaker ______________. | determine heartbeat rate |
| Accelerator nerve | speeds it up |
| Vagus nerve | slows it down |
| William Harvey (1578-1657) | showed that humans have a closed circulatory system with blood confined in blood vessels |
| Structure of a blood vessel ____________. | suits its function |
| Arteries | large, muscular vessels that carry blood away from the heart. |
| Why do arteries have thick, elastic walls? | to withstand spurting |
| Pulse | expansion and contraction of artery wall |
| Capillaries | smallest blood vessels |
| How thick are capillaries walls? | 1 cell layer |
| Why are capillaries' walls the thickness they are? | for passage of materials (nutrients, and oxygen) between blood and body cells |
| Veins | carry blood back to the heart |
| What do the valves in veins do? | keep blood flowing in one direction |
| Pulmonary Circulation | Movement of blood between the heart and lungs |
| Systemic Circulation | between heart and all body parts, except lungs |
| Coronary Circulation | provides blood to the heart |
| Lymphatic System | vessels that carry intercellular fluid (lymph) from tissues to the bloodstream |
| Lymphatic and circulatory systems make up what system? | the vascular system |
| Lymph | a fluid that passes from blood to spaces between body cells |
| What does Lymph carry/return? | carries O2 and nutrients to body cells and returns wastes to the blood by way of (via) ducts joined to veins |
| Tonsils and Adenoids | masses of lymphatic tissue that filter germs from air |
| Tonsils (location) | back of mouth |
| Adenoids (location) | between nose and back of mouth |
| Blood | liquid connective tissue |
| What does blood transport? | O2, CO2, nutrients and waste |
| Where does blood carry body heat? | to the skin surface |
| What does blood fight? | diseases |
| What are all blood types formed in? | bone marrow |
| Whole Blood | plasma + blood cells |
| Plasma | fluid part (90% H2O) |
| How much of blood is plasma? | 55% |
| What does plasma contain? | vitamins, hormones, and nutrients |
| Blood solids | Blood cells (45% of blood) |
| What are the types of blood cells? | Erythrocytes (RBC's), Leukocytes (WBC's), Thrombocytes (Platelets) |
| R | |
| What do RBC's contain | Hemoglobin, does not contain Nuclei |
| Hemoglobin | an iron containing protein that combines with O2 to make blood cells |
| What does Hemoglobin transport? | carries O2 to body cells and picks up CO2 |
| How are dead RBC's removed? | through the liver and spleen |
| Anemia | lack of RBC's or hemoglobin |
| Leukocytes (WBC's) | fight disease (5 types of WBC's) |
| What are the 5 types of WBC's? | Phagocytes, Pus, Lymphocytes, Leukemia |
| Are WBC's or RBC's larger? | WBC's |
| How do WBC's move? | on their own like amoeba |
| Phagocytes | go to an infection and engulf germs |
| Pus | collection of dead bacteria and WBC's in tissue |
| Lymphocytes | type of WBC that forms antibodies to fight disease |
| Leukemia | abnormal growth of immature WBC's that could result in cancer |
| Thrombocytes (Platelets) | assist in clot formation |
| What are the smallest blood cells? | Thrombocytes |
| How long do thrombocytes live? | 7-11 days |
| What do thrombocytes release? | chemicals to help with agglutination (blood clotting) |
| Hemophilia | blood does not clot properly |
| What is step one in the blood clot process? | break in capillary walls and blood is leaking out |
| What happens at the same time as step one in the blood clot process | Platelets in blood release enzyme thrombin |
| What is step two in the blood clot process | thrombin converts fibrinogen (blood protein) into fibrin (long sticky threads) which causes the clot (scab) and traps RBC's |
| What are the blood types? | A, B, AB, O |
| How are different types of blood types determined? | by proteins called antigens on red blood cells |
| Why is blood typed and cross matched (for plasma and antibodies) before a blood transfusion? | to prevent agglutination |
| Universal Donor | blood type O |
| Universal Recipient | blood type AB |
| Rh Factor | an inherited protein in some blood |
| Rh + (positive) | have it |
| Rh - (negative) | don't have it |
| What is done to the organ transplant donor and recipient before surgery to prevent rejection of transplant tissue? | they are cross matched |
| What are the 2 stages of respiration? | External Respiration and Internal Respiration |
| External Respiration | gas exchange between air and blood in lungs |
| Internal Respiration | gas exchange between blood and body cells |
| Cellular Respiration | breakdown of glucose to release energy |
| Anatomy of Respiratory System | Flow of Air |
| What happens after air enters the mouth and nose? | it is moistened by mucus, cleaned, by nose hairs and warmed by blood |
| Pharynx | opening at the back of the mouth, where food and air pass |
| Trachea | windpipe |
| What is at the anterior end of the trachea? | Larynx , voice box, or Adam's apple (Holds the vocal cords that produces sounds as air passes over them) |
| What traps dirt in the trachea? | Cilia |
| Bronchi | trachea is branched here and takes air to the lungs |
| Bronchial tubes | divide bronchi in the lungs |
| Bronchioles | smallest tubes in lungs |
| Where is the Alveoli located? | end of the bronchioles |
| Alveoli | air sacs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between lungs and capillaries |
| Where are lungs located | in the thoracic cavity, bounded by the rib cage and diaphragm (muscle separate chest and abdomen) |
| Pleura | membrane that surrounds the lungs and produces mucus that reduces friction when you breathe |
| Breathing | movement of air into and out of the lungs (controlled by diaphragm and rib muscles) |
| Inspiration | taking in air |
| Expiration | expelling air |
| What is the breathing rate controlled by? | the brain (avg. 12-15 breaths per min.) |
| Types of Cardiovascular disease? | Hypertension, Atherosclerosis, Heart Attack, Cardiac Arrest, Stroke |
| Hypertension | high blood pressure |
| Atherosclerosis | blockage of arteries by saturated fats |
| Heart Attack | heart damage due to blockage of an artery leading to the heart |
| Cardiac Arrest | heart stops beating |
| Stroke | blockage of an artery in the brain |
| Ways to prevent cardiovascular disease | regular exercise, balanced diet, avoid smoking/vaping |
| What are the dangerous chemicals in tobacco smoke? | Nicotine, Tars |
| Nicotine | an addicting stimulant drug that increases heartbeat and blood pressure |
| Tars | chemical particles in smoke that clog the alveoli in the lungs |
| Diseases caused by smoking | Chronic Bronchitis, Emphysema, Lung Cancer, Heart Disease, Mouth tongue and lip cancer |
| Chronic bronchitis | inflammation of bronchi |
| Emphysema | alveoli are clogged with tars from tobacco smoke and the lungs lose their elasticity and cannot get enough oxygen |
| Lung Cancer | mostly caused by smoking |
| Heart Disease | smoking narrows vessels makes heart harder increasing risk of heart attack or stroke; 25% caused by smoke |
| What happens if pregnant women smoke? | more likely to suffer miscarriages and have smaller babies |
| Second Hand Smoking | can be dangerous to others who are exposed to it, especially small children whose lungs are still developing |
Created by:
faceb
Popular Biology sets