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APES Vocab
Waste Generation and Waste Disposal
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| ash | the residual nonorganic material that does not combust during incineration |
| bottom ash | residue collected at the bottom of the combustion chamber in a furnace |
| brownfields | contaminated industrial or commercial sites that may require environmental cleanup before they can be redeveloped or expanded |
| closed-loop recycling | recycling a product into the same product |
| composting | creation of organic matter (humus) by decomposition under controlled conditions to produce an organic-rich material that enhances soil structure, cation exchange capacity, and fertility |
| cradle-to-grave analysis | a systems tool that looks at the materials used and released throughout the lifetime of a product—from the procurement of raw materials through their manufacture, use, and disposal; also known as life-cycle analysis |
| fly ash | the residue collected from the chimney or exhaust pipe of a furnace |
| hazardous waste | liquid, solid, gaseous, or sludge waste material that is harmful to humans or ecosystems |
| incineration | the process of burning waste materials to reduce volume and mass, sometimes to generate electricity or heat |
| integrated waste management | an approach to waste disposal that employs several waste reduction, management, and disposal strategies in order to reduce the environmental impact of MSW |
| leachate | liquid that contains elevated levels of pollutants as a result of having passed through municipal solid waste (MSW) or contaminated soil |
| life-cycle analysis | a systems tool that looks at the materials used and released throughout the lifetime of a product—from the procurement of raw materials through their manufacture, use, and disposal; also known as cradle-to-grave analysis |
| municipal solid waste (MSW) | refuse collected by municipalities from households, small businesses, and institutions |
| open-loop recycling | recycling one product into a different product |
| recycling | the process by which materials destined to become municipal solid waste (MSW) are collected and converted into raw material that is then used to produce new objects |
| reduce | to lower the amount of materials used by purchasing in bulk, buying items with less packaging, and switching to reusable instead of single-use items |
| reuse | using a product or material that was intended to be discarded |
| sanitary landfill | an engineered ground facility designed to hold municipal solid waste (MSW) with as little contamination of the surrounding environment as possible |
| siting | the designation of a landfill location, typically through a regulatory process involving studies, written reports, and public hearings |
| source reduction | an approach to waste management that seeks to cut waste by reducing the use of potential waste materials in the early stages of design and manufacture |
| the three rs | a popular phrase promoting the idea of diverting materials from the waste stream by reducing, reusing, and recycling |
| tipping fee | a fee charged for disposing of material in a landfill or incinerator |
| waste | material outputs from a system that are not useful or consumed |
| waste stream | the flow of solid waste that is recycled, incinerated, placed in a solid waste landfill, or disposed of in another way |
| waste-to-energy | a system in which heat generated by incineration is used as an energy source rather than released into the atmosphere |
Created by:
mmcgra1236
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