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chapter 28/29
Med/ Surg
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is achlorhydria? | Absence of hydrochloric acid in gastric secretions. |
| Define anastomosis. | Surgical connection between two structures. |
| What does 'bariatric' refer to? | Pertaining to the treatment of obesity. |
| Describe dumping syndrome. | Rapid gastric emptying causing nausea, weakness, sweating, and diarrhea. |
| What is dyspepsia? | Indigestion. |
| Define dysphagia. | Difficulty swallowing. |
| What is Helicobacter pylori? | A bacterium linked to ulcers and gastric cancer. |
| What is hematemesis? | Vomiting blood. |
| What is melena? | Black, tarry stools indicating upper GI bleeding. |
| What is a Roux-en-Y procedure? | a gastric bypass that limits food intake and absorption. |
| Define stomatitis. | Inflammation of the mucous membranes in the mouth. |
| What is a vagotomy? | Surgical cutting of the vagus nerve to reduce acid secretion. |
| When is bariatric surgery indicated? | BMI > 40 or >35 with obesity-related conditions |
| What is a sleeve gastrectomy? | Surgical removal of part of the stomach creating a sleeve-like pouch. |
| What nutrient deficiencies are common after RYGB? | Iron, vitamin B12, calcium, and folate. |
| Main symptoms of GERD? | Heartburn, regurgitation, chest pain, bloating. |
| Diet changes to manage GERD? | Avoid spicy/fatty foods, eat small meals, avoid eating before bed. |
| Drugs used for GERD? | PPIs, H2 blockers, antacids, prokinetics. |
| Main causes of peptic ulcers? | H. pylori and NSAID use. |
| Gastric vs. duodenal ulcer symptoms? | Gastric: pain after meals; Duodenal: pain relieved by food |
| Signs of GI bleeding? | Hematemesis, melena, hypotension, rapid pulse., |
| What are complications of peptic ulcer? | Hemorrhage, perforation, obstruction. |
| What does RULE stand for in oral cancer? | Red, Ulcerated, Lump, Lasting >3 weeks. |
| What are signs of esophageal cancer? | Progressive dysphagia, weight loss, hoarseness. |
| Main risk factors for gastric cancer? | H. pylori, smoked/salted foods, alcohol, tobacco. |
| Symptoms of dumping syndrome? | Nausea, weakness, abdominal pain, diarrhea after meals. |
| Diet tips for dumping syndrome? | Small meals, minimal fluids with meals, avoid sugar. |
| How is enteral feeding monitored? | Check residuals, tube placement, elevate HOB, monitor I&O. |
| When is TPN used? | When the GI tract can't be used for nutrition |
| Signs of hypovolemic shock? | Low BP, rapid pulse, confusion, restlessness, cold/clammy skin. |
| What to monitor in GI bleeding? | Vitals, I&O, stool/vomit appearance, labs like H&H, BUN. |
| What should patients know before bariatric surgery? | Understand lifelong dietary changes, supplement needs (iron, B12, folate, calcium), and follow-up care. |
| Nursing interventions post-bariatric surgery? | Monitor for leakage (pain, fever, tachycardia), teach small meals, avoid sugar to prevent dumping syndrome. |
| Patient teaching for GERD? | Avoid triggers (caffeine, spicy foods), eat small meals, don’t lie down after eating, elevate HOB. |
| Nursing interventions for GERD? | Assess symptoms, administer PPIs or H2 blockers, monitor for aspiration, reinforce dietary habits. |
| Patient education for peptic ulcers? | Avoid NSAIDs, smoking, and alcohol. Complete antibiotics if H. pylori positive. Eat small frequent meals. |
| Nursing care for peptic ulcers? | Monitor vitals, assess for GI bleed, administer PPIs/antacids, educate on stress management. |
| Signs of upper GI bleeding? | Hematemesis (bright red or coffee-ground vomit), melena, hypotension, tachycardia, confusion |
| Nursing actions for GI bleed? | Monitor H&H, vital signs q15-30 min, I&O, prepare for endoscopy, start IV fluids or blood transfusion. |
| Patient education for gastritis? | Avoid alcohol, spicy foods, NSAIDs. Take prescribed PPIs or antibiotics if H. pylori is present. |
| Nursing role in gastritis care? | Keep NPO during acute phase, monitor fluids/electrolytes, provide meds, assess for GI distress. |
| Patient teaching for dumping syndrome? | Eat small, frequent meals. Avoid sugar. Drink fluids between meals, not during. |
| Nursing care for dumping syndrome? | Monitor for signs post-meal (nausea, sweating), educate on positioning, report severe symptoms. |
| What is achlorhydria? | Absence of hydrochloric acid in stomach secretions—can lead to poor digestion and absorption. |
| What does 'anastomosis' mean? | Surgical connection of two structures (e.g., stomach to small intestine after resection). |
| Define 'vagotomy.' | Surgical cutting of the vagus nerve to reduce acid secretion in peptic ulcer treatment. |
| What is stomatitis? | Inflammation of the mouth lining—can be caused by poor oral hygiene, ill-fitting dentures. |
| What is a Roux-en-Y? | A type of gastric bypass combining restriction and malabsorption, requires lifelong supplements. |
| Define 'melena.' | Black, tarry stool indicating digested blood from upper GI bleeding. |
| Explain 'hematemesis.' | Vomiting blood, often due to GI bleeding like ulcers or varices |
| What is 'gastropathy'? | Non-inflammatory damage to stomach lining, often from NSAIDs or alcohol |
| Anastomosis | Surgical connection between two structures, like bowel ends. |
| Colectomy | Surgical removal of part or all of the colon. |
| Colostomy | Surgical creation of a stoma from the colon to the abdominal wall. |
| Hemicolectomy | Removal of one side of the colon. |
| Ileostomy | Surgical opening of the ileum onto the skin surface. |
| Herniorrhaphy | Hernia repair by suturing the abdominal wall. |
| Hernioplasty | Reinforcement of the hernia area with mesh. |
| Abdominoperineal resection | Removal of the colon, rectum, and anus requiring a permanent colostomy |
| Diverticulosis | Presence of diverticula (pouches) in the intestine. |
| Diverticulitis | Inflammation or infection of diverticula. |
| Intussusception | Telescoping of one part of the intestine into another. |
| Volvulus | Twisting of the intestine causing obstruction. |
| Paralytic ileus | Lack of intestinal movement (peristalsis). |
| Peritonitis | Inflammation of the abdominal lining due to infection or rupture. |
| Crohn disease | Chronic inflammation of the GI tract with skip lesions. |
| Ulcerative colitis (UC) | Continuous inflammation of the colon starting at the rectum. |
| Appendicitis | Inflammation of the appendix. |
| IBS (Irritable Bowel Syndrome) | Functional bowel disorder without structural cause. |
| Steatorrhea | Fatty, foul-smelling stool; seen in malabsorption. |
Created by:
Ramonw09
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