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9th Bio Chapt 4

9th Grade Honors Biology Chapter 4

TermDefinition
autotroph organism that is able to capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food from inorganic compounds; also called a producer
primary producer first producer of energy-rich compounds that are later used by other organisms
photosynthesis process used by plants and other autotrophs to capture light energy and use it to power chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and energy-rich carbohydrates such as sugars and starches
chemosynthesis process in which chemical energy is used to produce carbohydrates
heterotroph organism that obtains food by consuming other living things; also called a consumer
consumer organism that relies on other organisms for its energy and food supply; also called a heterotroph
detritus small pieces of dead or decaying plant or animal remains
food chain a series of in an ecosystem steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten
phytoplankton photosynthetic algae found near the surface of the ocean
food web network of complex interactions formed by the feeding relationships among the various organisms in an ecosystem
trophic level each step in a food chain or food web
ecological pyramid illustration of the relative amounts of energy or matter contained within each trophic level in a food chain or food web
biomass the total mass of living tissue within a trophic level
biogeochemical cycle process in which elements, chemical compounds, and other forms of matter are passed from one organism to another and from one part of the biosphere to another
nutrient chemical substance that an organism needs to sustain life
nitrogen fixation process of converting nitrogen gas into nitrogen compounds that plants can absorb and use
denitrification process by which soil bacteria convert nitrates into nitrogen gas
limiting nutrient single essential nutrient that limits productivity in an ecosystem
Created by: EllyNicole11
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