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NG Patho Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which lab result will be elevated in a patient with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)? | Fibrin Degradation products |
| A nurse suspects that the patient is experiencing disseminated intravascular coagulation(DIC). Which lab test should the nurse ask the primary care provider to order? | D-dimer |
| Neutrophilia and a left shift are most commonly associated with: | A bacterial infection |
| Inflammatory cytokines released by Hodgkin's lymphoma tumors often cause: | Night sweats, low-grade fever, and weight loss |
| The most common cause of hypoparathyroidism is: | parathyroid gland injury or removal |
| The pathology of Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) involves: | autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells |
| A major cause of myxedema coma is: | untreated hypothyroidism |
| A patient is experiencing thyroid storm. Which assessment findings will the nurse observe? | High levels of thyroid hormone in conjunction with high levels of stress hormones lead to fever, tachycardia, and eventually high-output heart failure. |
| Fibromyalgia specifically manifests with: | trigger/tender point pain |
| A patient has a fracture that broke into several fragments. Which type of fracture did the patient sustain? | comminuted |
| A factor that contributes to the development of osteoporosis in older women (post-menopausal) is: | decreased estrogen levels |
| A patient has osteomyelitis. when the nurse is reviewing the lab results, which type of organism will the nurse most likely observe on the report? | Bacteria |
| Pain and inflammation associated with gout are caused by crystallization of: | Uric Acid |
| Severe trauma can result in the release of myoglobin from skeletal muscle cells, causing a life-threatening condition called: | Rhabdomyolysis |
| Aortic stenosis results in the incomplete emptying of the: | left ventricle |
| Prinzmetal angina is caused by: | vasospasm |
| What develops if the flow of oxygen content of coronary blood is insufficient to meet the metabolic demands of myocardial cells? | myocardial ischemia |
| All disorders associated with ARDS cause massive pulmonary: | Inflammation |
| A productive cough for at least 3 months is the classic sign of: | chronic bronchitis |
| The sensation of feeling short of breath | Feeling short of breath |
| An area where alveoli are ventilated but not perfused is termed: | alveolar dead space |
| An acquired chronic autoimmune disease mediated by antibodies against the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) at the neuromuscular junction: | Myasthenia gravis |
| Rheumatoid arthritis results from joint inflammation caused by: | autoimmune injury |
| A set of pins connected to stabilizing bars on the outside of the patient is a type of treatment for fractures called: | External fixation |
| A patient has a small bowel obstruction. Which classic symptoms should the nurse assess for in the patient? | vomiting, colicky abdominal pain, and abdominal distension |
| A 21-year-old woman was recently diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia. Her hematocrit is 32%. Which of the following treatments would the nurse expect to be prescribed for her? Iron replacement Splenectomy A bone marrow transplant No treatme | Iron replacement |
| Which individual should the nurse assess initially for a vitamin B12 deficiency anemia? A 3-year-old female who is a fussy eater A 26-year-old female in the second trimester of her first pregnancy A 47-year-old male who had a gastrectomy proced | A 47-year-old male who had a gastrectomy procedure |
| A 35-year-old male with hyperthyroidism begins treatment to decrease thyroid activity. A nurse monitors for which of the following conditions that could result secondary to the treatment? Eosinophilia Basophilia Monocytosis Lymphocytosis | Basophilia |
| A patient’s anemia is described as having erythrocytes that demonstrate poikilocytosis. The nurse would recognize the erythrocytes would be: pale in color. present in various sizes. able to assume various shapes. live only a few days. | able to assume various shapes. |
| A nurse checks individuals with liver disease for clotting problems because: the liver is often the site of platelet pooling. clotting factors are produced in the liver. high levels of bilirubin interfere with the clotting system. treatment | clotting factors are produced in the liver. |
| A patient is admitted to the emergency department with a diagnosis of polycythemia vera (PV). Which treatment should the nurse discuss with the patient? Therapeutic phlebotomy Restoration of blood volume by plasma expanders Administration of pa | Therapeutic phlebotomy |
| Which laboratory test will assist the nurse in identifying infants who are prone to develop hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)? Total bilirubin Coombs Rh antibodies Platelets | Coombs |
| By what other name is the clotting factor IX disorder, hemophilia B known as? Classic hemophilia Christmas disease Thalassemia von Willebrand disease | Christmas disease |
| Which of the following amino acids is present in Hb S and not present in normal Hb? Valine Glutamic acid Proline Histidine | Valine |
| A 1-year-old female is diagnosed with anemia secondary to insufficient erythropoiesis. The most likely cause is: genetic factors. an iron deficiency. a hemoglobin abnormality. an erythrocyte structural abnormality. | an iron deficiency. |
| Autopsy on a stillborn fetus reveals cardiomegaly, hepatomegaly, edema, and ascites as well as fulminant intrauterine congestive heart failure. Considering these findings, what is the most likely cause of death? Alpha thalassemia minor Alpha thalas | Alpha thalassemia major |
| A 16-month-old female presents with tachycardia, pallor, anorexia, and systolic murmur. The nurse is checking the lab results, and the hemoglobin determination indicates a level 5 7 10 14 | 5 |
| A 75-year-old male has severe chest pain and dials 911. Based upon the lab findings indicating a patient has elevated levels of cardiac troponins I and T, the nurse suspects which of the following has occurred? Raynaud disease Ortho | Myocardial infarction (MI) |
| A 62-year-old male presents to his primary care provider reporting chest pain at rest and with exertion. He does not have a history of coronary artery disease and reports that the pain often occurs at night. He is most likely experiencing which type of an | Prinzmetal |
| A 10-year-old male presents with fever, lymphadenopathy, arthralgia, and nosebleeds and is diagnosed with rheumatic heart disease. While planning care, which characteristic changes should the nurse remember? Blood-borne organisms that adhere to the val | Antigens that bind to the valvular lining, triggering an autoimmune response. |
| A patient is diagnosed with orthostatic hypotension. Which of the following symptoms would most likely be reported? Headache and blurred vision Nausea and vomiting Chest pain and palpitations Syncope and fainting | Syncope and fainting |
| What term should the nurse use to document a detached blood clot? Thrombus Embolus Thromboembolus Infarction | Thromboembolus |
| A patient is diagnosed with coronary artery disease. Which of the following modifiable risk factors would the nurse suggest the patient change? Eating meat Living arrangements Drinking tomato juice Smoking cigarettes | Smoking cigarettes |
| An 8-week-old infant’s well-baby check reveals a murmur, and an echocardiogram shows a large ventricular septal defect. If left untreated, what condition could develop? Pulmonary hypertension Cyanosis Dysrhythmias Valve damage | Pulmonary hypertension |
| A newborn is severely cyanotic. An echocardiogram reveals transposition of the great arteries. What is the characteristic defect associated with this condition? The pulmonary artery leaving the right ventricle The aorta leaving the right ventricle | The aorta leaving the right ventricle |
| Intrauterine exposure to which factor could be responsible for a diagnosis of congenital heart disease? Diabetes Alcohol exposure Viral infection Dextroamphetamine | Viral infection |
| A 1-month-old infant visits his primary care provider for a well-baby check. Physical exam reveals decreased cardiac output, hypotension, tachycardia, and a loud murmur suggestive of aortic stenosis. Which condition would be expected with this diagnosis? | Ventricular hypertrophy |
| A 3-year-old male is diagnosed with Kawasaki disease. What is the most likely cause of Kawasaki disease? A genetic defect causing left heart failure Autoimmune injury to the lymphatic vessels Inflammation of the small capillaries, arteries, and | Inflammation of the small capillaries, arteries, and veins |
| A newborn develops a murmur and cyanosis shortly after birth. A diagnosis of pulmonic stenosis (PS) is made after an echocardiogram revealed narrowing of the pulmonary: tree. artery. valve. vein. | valve. |
| What is the most likely cause of chronic bronchitis in a 25 year old? Chronic asthma Air pollution Cigarette smoke Recurrent pneumonias | Cigarette smoke |
| A 10 year old develops pneumonia. Physical exam reveals subcostal and intercostal retractions. The child reports that breathing is difficult with feelings that, “I cannot get enough air.” What term should the nurse use to document this condition? Cyano | Dyspnea |
| Which is a characteristic of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH)? (Select all that apply.) Male gender Fatigue Dyspnea Jugular vein distention Weight gain | Fatigue Dyspnea Jugular vein distention |
| The patient diagnosed with tuberculosis can transmit this disease through: skin contact. fecal-oral contact. airborne droplets. blood transfusions. | airborne droplets. |
| Individuals with a recent diagnosis of emphysema should be assessed for which most common presenting factor? A productive cough Cyanosis Dyspnea Cor pulmonale | Dyspnea |
| Which of the following patients is at highest risk for developing pulmonary embolism (PE)? A 21-year-old male with a hemophilia bleeding disorder A 28-year-old woman who had a baby 6 months earlier A 36-year-old woman with a history of alcohol | A 72-year-old male who is recovering from hip replacement surgery in the hospital |
| After nearly drowning a 2 year old developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Which of the following should the nurse assess the patient for? Decreased heart rate Increased lung compliance Increased surfactant production Hypoxemi | Hypoxemia |
| A 9 year old contracted influenza. Which of the following complications is of greatest concern to the nurse? Chronic bronchitis Bronchiolitis obliterans Emphysema Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) | Bronchiolitis obliterans |
| The coroner ruled sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) as the cause of death of a 5-month-old-female. Which risk factor is most likely associated with SIDS? Congenital heart disease Female gender White race Frequent respiratory infections | Frequent respiratory infections |
| An 11 year old presents with a low-grade fever and cough and is diagnosed with atypical pneumonia. What type of pneumonia does the nurse suspect the patient is experiencing? Pneumococcal pneumonia Viral pneumonia Mycoplasma pneumonia Strepto | Mycoplasma pneumonia |
| A 1-year-old female is diagnosed with croup. Which of the following symptoms is most likely to be present when the nurse performs an assessment? (Select all that apply.) Barking cough Stridor Hoarseness Drooling Truncal rash | Barking cough Stridor Hoarseness |
| Which pathology is characteristic of asthma? Increased lung volumes Expiratory wheezing Air trapping Dead space | Expiratory wheezing |
| A 55 year old presents reporting urinary retention. Tests reveal a lower urinary tract obstruction. Which of the following is the patient at risk for? Vesicoureteral reflux and pyelonephritis Formation of renal calculi Glomerulonephritis In | Formation of renal calculi |
| A 25-year-old female is diagnosed with a urinary tract infection. When the nurse checks the culture results, which of the following organisms is most likely infecting her urinary tract? Streptococcus Candida albicans Chlamydia Escherichia coli | Escherichia coli |
| A 75 year old reports loss of urine with cough, sneezing, or laughing. These symptoms support which diagnosis? Urge incontinence Stress incontinence Overflow incontinence Functional incontinence | Stress incontinence |
| An older male presents with flank pain and polyuria. Tests reveal that he has an enlarged prostate. Which type of renal failure is this patient at risk for? Prerenal Intrarenal Extrarenal Postrenal | Postrenal |
| A patient is diagnosed with urinary tract obstruction. While planning care, the nurse realizes that the patient is expected to have hydronephrosis and a decreased glomerular filtration rate caused by: decreased renal blood flow. decreased peritubul | dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces proximal to a blockage. |
| A nurse observes on the chart that a patient is admitted with Wilms tumors. A nurse knows the tumors are found in the: kidneys. ureters. bladder. urethra. | kidneys |
| The life expectancy of infants who are diagnosed with bilateral renal agenesis is expected to be: death within 1 year of birth. a fairly normal, healthy life. death within a few hours of birth. good when anomalies are corrected with surgery | death within a few hours of birth. |
| A 4 year old male is diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome. Which of the following assessment findings accompanies this condition? Proteinuria Decreased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) Hematuria Sodium loss | Proteinuria |
| Upon examination of a male infant, it is determined that the urethral meatus is located on the undersurface of the penis. The nurse will document this condition as: hypospadias. epispadias. hydroureter. cryptorchidism. | hypospadias. |
| What term is used to describe a chronic renal failure caused by a lack of development of one of the kidneys? Renal dysplasia Renal agenesis Hypoplastic kidney Renal aplasia | Renal aplasia |
| Conditions that contribute to dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) include: (Select all that apply.) polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). obesity. thyroid disease. hepatitis. excessive exercise. | polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). obesity. thyroid disease. |
| The nurse would anticipate the treatment for pelvic organ prolapse to be: insertion of a urinary catheter. a pessary. dietary fiber. urinary antispasmodics. | a pessary. |
| The most commonly occurring cancer of the female reproductive tract is _____ cancer. cervical. ovarian. endometrial. fallopian. | endometrial. |
| A 20-year-old female presents with pelvic and back pain severe enough to miss work beginning with the onset of menses. Physical examination supports the diagnosis of primary dysmenorrhea. The most likely cause of her condition is: | elevated prostaglandins. |
| An 18-year-old female is diagnosed with dysmenorrhea. Which of the following symptoms will she most likely experience? Absence of menstruation Painful menstruation Unusually long menstrual period Menstrual irregularity | Painful menstruation |
| A common complaint from men with mild to moderate benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) is: decreased urinary stream. infertility. sexual dysfunction. prostatodynia. | decreased urinary stream. |
| A 21 year old presents with inflammation of the testes and is diagnosed with orchitis. What is the most likely cause of his symptoms? Herpes virus Escherichia coli Mumps Cytomegalovirus | Mumps |
| In the majority of cases delayed puberty is due to: a disruption in the hypothalamus. a disruption of the pituitary. slow maturation. ambiguity in sex determination. | slow maturation. |
| Symptoms of acute bacterial prostatitis are similar to symptoms of: prostate cancer. benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). urinary tract infection (UTI). epididymitis. | urinary tract infection (UTI). |
| The risk of testicular cancer is greater for which group? (Select all that apply.) With a history of cryptorchidism With a history of phimosis Who are of white ethnicity? Who are of black descent? Between 15 and 35 years of age | With a history of cryptorchidism Who are of white ethnicity? Between 15 and 35 years of age |
| The symptoms and signs of large bowel obstruction are: abdominal distention and hypogastric pain. diarrhea and excessive thirst. dehydration and epigastric pain. abdominal pain and rectal bleeding. | abdominal distention and hypogastric pain. |
| The autopsy of a 55 year old revealed an enlarged liver, testicular atrophy, and mild jaundice secondary to cirrhosis. What is the most likely cause of this condition? Bacterial infection Viral infection Alcoholic steatohepatitis Drug overd | Alcoholic steatohepatitis |
| A 31-year-old female is diagnosed with acute pancreatitis. Which of the following will be part of the treatment plan? (Select all that apply.) Narcotic analgesics Restriction of food intake Nasogastric suctioning Steroid therapy IV fl | Narcotic analgesics Restriction of food intake Nasogastric suctioning IV fluids |
| Which of the following type(s) of hepatitis has an incubation period of up to 180 days? (Select all that apply.) A B C D E | B, D |
| A serious complication of paraesophageal hiatal hernia is: hemorrhage. strangulation. peritonitis. ascites. | strangulation. |
| Prolonged diarrhea is more serious in children than adults because: children have lower adipose reserves. fluid reserves are lower in children. children have a lower metabolic rate. children are more resistant to antimicrobial therapy. | fluid reserves are lower in children. |
| When a newborn has a lack of bilirubin uptake, what does the nurse suspect is occurring in the patient? Biliary hypertrophy Physiologic jaundice Hepatitis A Infantile cirrhosis | Physiologic jaundice |
| A 2-week-old infant vomits forcefully immediately after feeding for no apparent reason and is frequently constipated. These signs support which diagnosis? Pyloric stenosis Meconium ileus Esophageal atresia Galactosemia | Pyloric stenosis |
| An 8-week-old male was recently diagnosed with cystic fibrosis (CF). Which of the following digestive alterations would be expected? Insufficient bile production Gastric atrophy Hypersecretion of stomach acid Nutrient malabsorption | Nutrient malabsorption |
| What is the most common symptom of Meckel diverticulum observed in children? Constipation Vomiting Rectal bleeding Ascites |
Created by:
JillianH21
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