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Unit 8 Solar System
HS Earth Space Science
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| electromagnetic spectrum | the range of wavelengths or frequencies over which electromagnetic radiation extends. |
| gravitational force | the force of attraction between all masses in the universe |
| law of universal gravitation | the scientific law that states that every object in the universe attracts every other object |
| Kepler's 1st Law | each planet orbits the sun in a path called an ellipse with the sun at one focus |
| Kepler's Second Law | states that an imaginary line from the sun to a planet sweeps out equal areas in equal time intervals |
| Kepler's Third Law | States that the square of the ratio of the periods of any two planets is equal to the cube of the ratio of their average distances from the Sun. |
| Giant Impact Theory | The idea that a catastrophic collision about 4.5 billion years ago between Earth and a protoplanet about half Earth's size created a disk of molten rock |
| Fission Theory | The theory that the Moon formed from matter flung off the Earth because the planet was rotating extremely fast. |
| Co-Accretion Hypothesis | States that the Earth and moon formed at the same time from dust and gas but cannot explain the differences in the cores |
| solar eclipse | Occurs when the Moon passes directly between the Sun and Earth and casts a shadow over part of Earth |
| lunar eclipse | an eclipse in which the moon appears darkened as it passes into the earth's shadow. |
| Spring tides occur | twice a month, at full moon and new moon |
| Neap tides occur | twice a month, at first and third quarter moons |
| Earth's Seasons | Summer, Spring, Winter, Fall - spring created by Earth's tilt on its axis as it orbits around the sun during the year |
| terrestrial planets | The name given to the four inner planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars |
| Giant Gas Planets | The four outer planets that consist of solid, liquid, and gaseous forms of water, ammonia, methane, among other materials |
| asteroid | any of numerous small celestial bodies composed of rock and metal that move around the sun (mainly between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter) |
| Dwarf planets are | Eris, Ceres, Pluto, Haumea, & Makemake |
| Meteoroid | a relatively small rocky body that travels through space |
| meteor | A streak of light in the sky produced by the burning of a meteoroid in Earth's atmosphere. |
| meteorite | A meteoroid that passes through the atmosphere and hits Earth's surface. |
| comet | A loose collection of ice and dust that orbits the sun |
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KellyKirvin
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