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APES Vocab
Feeding the World
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| agribusiness | agriculture that applies the techniques of mechanization and standardization |
| agroforestry | an agricultural technique in which trees and vegetables are intercropped |
| anemia | a deficiency of iron |
| annual plant | a plant that lives only one season |
| aquaculture | farming aquatic organisms such as fish, shellfish, and seaweeds |
| broad-spectrum pesticide | a pesticide that kills many different types of pest |
| bycatch | the unintentional catch of nontarget species while fishing |
| concentrated animal feeding operation (CAFO) | a large indoor or outdoor structure designed for maximum output |
| contour plowing | an agricultural technique in which plowing and harvesting are done parallel to the topographic contours of the land |
| crop rotation | an agricultural technique in which crop species in a field are rotated from season to season |
| desertification | the transformation of arable, productive land to desert or unproductive land due to climate change or destructive land use |
| economies of scale | the observation that average costs of production fall as output increases |
| energy subsidy | the fossil fuel energy and human energy input per calorie of food produced |
| famine | the condition in which food insecurity is so extreme that large numbers of deaths occur in a given area over a relatively short period |
| fishery | a commercially harvestable population of fish within a particular ecological region |
| fishery collapse | the decline of a fish population by 90 percent or more |
| food insecurity | a condition in which people do not have adequate access to food |
| food security | a condition in which people have access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs for an active and healthy life |
| Green Revolution | a shift in agricultural practices in the 20th century that included new management techniques, mechanization, fertilization, irrigation, and improved crop varieties, and that resulted in increased food output |
| herbicide | a pesticide that targets plant species that compete with crops |
| individual transferable quota (ITQ) | a fishery management program in which individual fishers are given a total allowable catch of fish in a season that they can either catch or sell |
| industrial agriculture | agriculture that applies the techniques of mechanization and standardization; also known as agribusiness |
| inorganic fertilizer | fertilizer produced commercially, normally with the use of fossil fuels |
| insecticide | a pesticide that targets species of insects and other invertebrates that consume crops |
| integrated pest management (IPM) | an agricultural practice that uses a variety of techniques designed to minimize pesticide inputs |
| intercropping | an agricultural method in which two or more crop species are planted in the same field at the same time to promote a synergistic interaction |
| malnourished | having a diet that lacks the correct balance of proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals |
| meat | livestock or poultry consumed as food |
| monocropping | an agricultural method that utilizes large plantings of a single species or variety |
| no-till agriculture | an agricultural method in which farmers do not turn the soil between seasons as a means of reducing topsoil erosion |
| nomadic grazing | the feeding of herds of animals by moving them to seasonally productive feeding grounds, often over long distances |
| nonpersistent pesticide | a pesticide that breaks down rapidly, usually in weeks or months |
| organic agriculture | production of crops without the use of synthetic pesticides or fertilizers |
| organic fertilizer | fertilizer composed of organic matter from plants and animals |
| overnutrition | ingestion of too many calories and a lack of balance of foods and nutrients |
| perennial plant | a plant that lives for multiple years |
| persistent pesticide | a pesticide that remains in the environment for a long time |
| pesticide resistance | a trait possessed by certain individuals that are exposed to a pesticide and survive |
| pesticide treadmill | a cycle of pesticide development, followed by pest resistance, followed by new pesticide development |
| pesticides | a substance, either natural or synthetic, that kills or controls organisms that people consider pests |
| salinization | a form of soil degradation that occurs when the small amount of salts in irrigation water becomes highly concentrated on the soil surface through evaporation |
| selective pesticide | a pesticide that targets a narrow range of organisms |
| shifting agriculture | an agricultural method in which land is cleared and used for a few years until the soil is depleted of nutrients |
| sustainable agriculture | agriculture that fulfills the need for food and fiber while enhancing the quality of the soil, minimizing the use of nonrenewable resources, and allowing economic viability for the farmer |
| synthetic fertilizer | fertilizer produced commercially, normally with the use of fossil fuels; also known as inorganic fertilizer |
| undernutrition | the condition in which not enough calories are ingested to maintain health |
| waterlogging | a form of soil degradation that occurs when soil remains under water for prolonged periods |
Created by:
mmcgra1236
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