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Animals
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Invertebrate | animals that lack a backbone (vertebral column). |
| Chordate | animals with a dorsal, hollow nerve cord, tail, and pharyngeal pouch. |
| Vertebrate | animal with a backbone |
| Feedback Inhibition | negative feedback which occur when the result of a process limits the process. |
| homeostasis | keeping one's internal environment stable. |
| Radial symmetry | Animals with any imaginary plane number drawn through the center of the body. |
| Bilateral symmetry | animals with a single imaginary plane dividing the body into left and right equals. |
| coelom | a type of body cavity |
| cephalization | the concentration of sense organs and nerve cells at their anterior end. |
| cartilage | a strong connective tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone. |
| tetrapods | four limbed vertebrates |
| opposable thumbs | thumbs that could touch other fingertips, allowing the animal to hold objects. |
| bipedal | walk on two feet |
| behavior | response to stimuli in the environment |
| habituation | when an animal stops responding to a stimuli that neither helps or harm them. |
| insight learning | when an animal applies something it has already learned to a new situation. |
| classical conditioning | a form of learning in which a certain stimulus comes to produce a particular response. |
| operant conditioning | when an animal learns to behave a certain way to recieve a reward or to avoid punishment. |
| society | group of animals of the same species that interact and cooperate |
| communication | the passing of information from one animal to another |
| digestive tract | a tube that contains two openings: the mouth and the anus. |
| rumen | pouchlike extension of the esophagus. |
| gills | feathery structures that exposes a large surface area of thin membrane to water. |
| lungs | organs that exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between blood and air. |
| alveoli | bubblelike structures |
| open circulatory system | pump blood through vessels that empty into a system of sinuses |
| closed circulatory system | blood circulates within the blood vessels |
| atrium | receives blood from the body |
| ventricle | pumps blood out of the heart and to the gills. |
| excretion | the elimination of metabolic waste such as ammonia. |
| nephridia | tubelike excretory structures that filter body fluid |
| malpighian tubules | nitrogenous wastes such as uric acid are absorbed from body fluids |
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