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Evolution
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Age of the Earth | 4.6 billion years old |
| Human existence on Earth | Humans have been around for a very small fraction of Earth's history, appearing on the last minute of December 31st in a calendar year representation of Earth's history. |
| Relative Dating | A method to determine the order of geological events or objects based on their relationships, indicating which is older or younger without knowing their exact ages. |
| Radioactive Dating | A method used to determine the age of materials by measuring the decay of radioactive isotopes within them. |
| Fossils | Remains or traces of ancient life, which can include various forms such as trace fossils, casts, molds, petrified remains, and whole organisms. |
| Trace Fossils | Any indirect evidence of past life, such as footprints, burrows, gastroliths, and coprolites. |
| Casts | Minerals fill in spaces to form replicas of organisms. |
| Mold | An empty space left after an organism is buried. |
| Petrified Fossils | Fossils in which minerals replace hard parts of the organism. |
| Whole Organism Fossils | Fossils that include entire organisms preserved in substances like amber or frozen in tar pits. |
| Extinction | The complete disappearance of a species from Earth. |
| Mass Extinction | A short period of geological time in which a high percentage of biodiversity or multiple species die out. |
| Spontaneous Generation | The hypothetical process by which living organisms develop from nonliving matter. |
| Evolution | The process by which organisms change over time, often in response to environmental changes. |
| Jean Baptiste Lamarck | A scientist who proposed early ideas about evolution, including the laws of use/disuse and heritability of changes. |
| Charles Darwin | A naturalist known for developing the theory of natural selection and evolution. |
| Natural Selection | A mechanism of evolution where organisms better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. |
| Four main parts of Darwin's reasoning for evolution | 1. Overproduction, 2. Variation, 3. Struggle to survive, 4. Differential reproduction. |
| Artificial Selection | The intentional reproduction of individuals in a population that have desirable traits. |
| Convergent Evolution | The process where unrelated species evolve similar traits due to similar environmental pressures. |
| Divergent Evolution | The process where descendants of a common ancestor evolve into distinct groups, resulting in different species. |
| Adaptive Radiation | A process where organisms diversify rapidly from an ancestral species into a multitude of new forms. |
| Coevolution | When two or more species evolve adaptations in response to each other's influence. |
| Vestigial Structures | Non-functional features that were fully developed and functioning in earlier species but serve little or no present purpose. |
| Analogous Structures | Body parts in different species that share similar functions but have different evolutionary origins and structures. |
| Homologous Structures | Body parts in different species that share a common ancestry and underlying structural similarity, despite potentially having different functions. |
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27cw1591
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