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The Rock Cycle (6th)

TermDefinition
sedimentary rock formed in layers when small particles of rock and/or the remains of plants and animals are compacted and cemented together.
metamorphic rock formed deep underground under intense heat and pressure. minerals can be arranged in parallel bands.
igneous rock formed when magma or lava cools and solidifies. rock can be fine-grained (made up of small particles) or coarse-grained (made up of large particles like large crystals).
sediment small particles of rock or the remains of plants and animals. these get compacted and cemented (squished) together to make sedimentary rock.
compared to other rocks, sedimentary rocks are: larger, form in layers, and are soft. they are rarely made up of crystallized materials.
weathering agents things that break rocks down, such as freezing, thawing, or organisms interfering.
describe the process that forms sedimentary rocks rocks are broken down slowly by weathering. then, rock fragments are eroded and moved around. tiny sediments settle and deposit in layers. over time these sediments get compacted together. dissolved minerals glue them together to form solid rock.
give examples of processes that form sedimentary rock weathering, compaction, cementation, erosion, and deposition. examples may include water running over the rocks of a river, wind blowing sand, plants or tree roots breaking through rocks, ice freezing over rock causing it to crack.
compared to other rocks, metamorphic rocks: have minerals with crystalline structures. the minerals can be arranged randomly or in parallel bands.
both sedimentary and metamorphic rocks can have parallel bands. what is the difference? sedimentary rock is made up of separate rock layers formed on top of each other over time, and include different organisms squished together. the bands in metamorphic rock come from different minerals in the rock when it forms.
describe the process that forms metamorphic rocks metamorphic rock forms from great heat or pressure, usually deep underground. rocks in the mantle are under greater heat and pressure than those on Earth's surface. this heat and pressure can change the shape, texture, and composition of the rock.
how can you turn a rock into metamorphic rock? by putting different rock types (igneous, sedimentary, or other metamorphic rocks) under heat and pressure, you can transform them into metamorphic rocks.
describe the process that forms igneous rocks melted metamorphic rock becomes magma on or below Earth's surface. when magma/lava cool and solidify, they form igneous rocks.
factors that influence the characteristics of igneous rock temperature, composition, and cooling time
extrusive rock extrusive rock forms when lava on Earth's surface cools quickly. this is a type of igneous rock. it has fine grains and small crystals.
intrusive rock intrusive rock forms from magma that slowly hardens BENEATH Earth's surface. it takes longer to harden so it has more time to produce coarse grains and large crystals.
the rock cycle a series of processes that occur on Earth's surface and in the crust and mantle that slowly change rocks from one kind to another. the rock cycle does not follow a particular order or path. no new materials are created by the rock cycle.
Created by: nnicho3
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