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Weathering 2
6th Grade Science: Unit 7 - Erosion & Deposition
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define: Deposition | the laying down of sediment carried by wind, flowing water, the sea or ice. |
| What is erosion? | the process by which land surface materials, like rocks and soil, are broken down and moved from one place to another by natural forces like water, wind, or ice |
| What are the four agents of erosion? | (1) water (2) wind (3) ice (4) gravity |
| What is the most influential force of erosion? | water |
| Which agent can move sand dunes, erode rocks, pile into loose layers? | wind |
| Define: Dune | a mound or ridge of sand or other loose sediment formed by the wind, especially on the sea coast or in a desert |
| Which agent can make landslides, mudslides, and sinkholes? | water and gravity |
| What are moraines? | a mass of rocks and sediment carried down and deposited by a glacier, typically as ridges at its edges or extremity |
| What are glacial erratics? | large rocks and boulders that have been transported by glaciers and deposited in areas far from their original source |
| To form a canyon, what is the first stage called? | stream |
| What is the stage after stream when forming a canyon? | river |
| What does a canyon depend on? | water |
| How long did it take the Grand Canyon to form? | millions of years |
| How much sediment does the Mississippi River move each year? | 140 billion kilograms |
| What is this landform called at the mouth of the Mississippi River? | delta |
| Define: Delta | a landform formed at the mouth of a river depositing sediment; has a triangular shape |
| Define: Floodplain | area near a river or stream that floods, usually flat that are made of sediments such as sand, silt, and clay |
| Define: Alluvial Fans | fan-shaped mass of sediment that is deposited by a river when its flow is suddenly slowed, forms where a river pours out from a steep gradient onto a flat pain |
| Define: Stream’s Gradient | pitch or slope of a stream |
| Streams that flow downhill are _____ speed. | High speed |
| Streams with a flat area have a ___ speed. | low speed |
| A ____ speed stream flows faster. | high speed |
| Define: Particle load | Amount of solid matter carried by a stream |
| Define: Channel Formation | determines its ability to erode, transport and deposit sediment |
| How can groundwater and waves effect the landscape? | Groundwater can dissolve rock, create cave systems, and cause land subsidence, while waves erode coastlines, transport sediments, and form beach features |
| What does groundwater do to rocks? | Groundwater dissolves and erodes rocks through chemical weathering |
| What force causes the ground on top of the sinkhole to sink in? | the rocks below it are eroded and dissolved by ground water |
| How does a cave form? | by the dissolution of limestone (chemical weathering) |
| What moves the sand, rocks, and other materials, and deposits them elsewhere on a shoreline? | Waves, currents, wind, and tides |
| What is the concern of beach erosion and why? | it leads to the loss of valuable coastal land, threatens coastal communities and infrastructure, and impacts natural ecosystems |
| What does a barrier island protect? | the mainland and coastal ecosystems from strong ocean forces like wind, waves, tides, and storms |
| Is a sandbar formed by erosion or deposition by water? | primarily formed by deposition, where sand and other sediments are laid down in a specific location, rather than being eroded away. |
| Define: Shoreline | the region where the water bodies such as lakes, seas, and oceans meet the land |
| Why does the excess sediment caused by erosion a problem in water habitats? | It can block sunlight, smother habitats, clog gills, and alter the physical structure of waterways |
| How do waves affect a shoreline? | through both erosion and deposition, shaping coastal landscapes over time |
| Define: marsh | a wetland, an area of land often saturated with water |
| Define: Sandbar | a long, narrow sandbank, especially at the mouth of a river. |
| When sand is picked up by the wind from a sand dune, this is called what? | saltation |
| When the sand dune is dropped, this is called what? | deflation or dune erosion |
| Large blankets of silt deposited in a location is called what? | loess |
| What are the two types of glacial ice? | alpine glaciers and continental glaciers |
| Define: Creep | the slow, persistent, and nearly imperceptible downhill movement of soil and rock under the influence of gravity |
| Define: Mudflow | a rapid flow of mud down a slope, typically composed of soil and water or melted snow |
| Define: Landslide | a sudden and rapid downhill movement of earth, rock, and debris, often triggered by factors like erosion that weaken the slope or increase its steepness |
| Define: Rockfall | the dislodging and rapid downslope movement of rocks, boulders, or rock masses |
| What forms U-shaped valleys? | primarily formed by the erosive power of glaciers |
| How do glaciers form? | Glaciers form through a process of snow accumulation, compaction, and refreezing over long periods |
| Define: Glacier | a large, slow-moving mass of ice formed by the accumulation and compaction of snow over long periods |
| Define: Glacial Drift | the sediments transported and deposited by glaciers |
| Continental glaciers or Alpine glaciers: Form in mountain regions around the world | Alpine glaciers |
| Continental glaciers or Alpine glaciers: Forms near the poles | Continental glaciers |
| Continental glaciers or Alpine glaciers: Covers huge areas | Continental glaciers |
| Continental glaciers or Alpine glaciers: Mount McKinley in Alaska is covered by several of these | Alpine glaciers |
| Continental glaciers or Alpine glaciers: Flatten landscapes | Continental glaciers |
| Continental glaciers or Alpine glaciers: Move and scrape away rocks | Both |
| Continental glaciers or Alpine glaciers: Greenland is covered by one. | Continental glaciers |
| What 5 things are constantly crumbling mountains flatting hills, widening valleys and deepening canyons? | water, ice, wind, sand and chemicals |
| What happens when liquid water gets in cracks in rocks and freezes? | it splits apart |
| Describe iron and chemical erosion | Iron turns to iron oxide; it’s taking some of the iron out of the rock; some of the rock is going away |
| What kind of rocks are formed by wind erosion? | mushroom rocks |
| Describe erosion by waves? | Waves turn rocks into sand |
| People can slow erosion by doing what? | designing concrete barriers, putting up plywood fences, and installing drainage pipes |
Created by:
Engle Family
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