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Meghan Stewart
Physiology 2025-1-SCI221-08 Stack set 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 4 major structures of the conduction system for the heart? | SA (sinoatrial) node, AV(Atrioventricular) node, AV bundle (bundle of his) Purkinje fibers (subendocardial branches) |
| Where are the two types of AV valves and what are their functions? | The Tricuspid valve and bicuspid valve. The prevent blood from flowing back into the atria when the ventricles contract. |
| What is Lymphokinesis? | The movement (flow) of lymph; can be visualized in a lymphangiogram |
| How does lymph move through the body? | Through a fluid pressure gradient assisted by the negative pressure in the thoracic cavity from breathing movements and skeletal muscle contractions pushing the lymph towards the venous entrance to the circulatory system. |
| What is the function of the lymph nodes? | Filtration and phagocytosis of microbes or other injurious particles |
| What is the function of the spleen? | Defense-macrpophages remove bad microbes and destroy them Tissue repair- holds monocytes Hematopoiesis- maturation of lymphocytes and monocytes RBC/Plaelet destruction Blood reservoir |
| What is the function of the thymus? | Immunity, source of lymphocyes before birth, secretes thymosin and other regulators allowing lymphocytes to develop into T cells. |
| What is innate Immunity? | provides a general, nonspecific defense against anything that is not “self” |
| What is Adaptive Immunity? | acts as a specific defense against specific threatening agents |
| What are the functions of antibodies? | Antigen-antibody reactions (1) Transform toxic antigens into harmless substances (2) Agglutinate antigens to make disposal by phagocytes more rapid (3) Alter the shape of antigen molecule to expose complement-binding sites |
| What is the function of Cytotoxic T Cells? | T cells release lymphotoxin to kill cells |
| What is the function of Helper T Cells? | (TH cells)—regulate the function of B cells, T cells, phago-cytes, and other leukocytes |
| What is the functrion of SUpressor T cells? | regulatory T cells that suppress lymphocyte func-tion, thus regulating immunity and promoting self-tolerance |
| What is the general function of T cells? | T cells function to produce cell-mediated immunity and help to regulate adaptive immunity in general |
| What is adaptive Innate Immunity? | (inborn or inherited immunity)—genetic mechanisms put innate immune mechanisms in place during development in the womb |
| What is Adaptive Acquired immunity? | resistance developed after birth; two types: 1. Natural immunity results from nondeliberate exposure to antigens 2. Artificial immunity results from deliberate exposure to antigens, called immunization |
| What is active immunity? | when the immune system responds to a harmful agent regardless of whether it was natural or artificial; lasts longer than passive immunity |
| What is passive immunity? | immunity developed in another individual is trans-ferred to an individual who was not previously immune; it is temporary but provides immediate protection |
Created by:
meghans0931
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