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QuestionAnswer
DNA Full name Deoxyribonucleic acid
Where is DNA in a Eukaryotic cell? DNA is in the nucleus of a Eukaryotic cell
How is DNA organized into chromosomes? DNA completes a process called replication to enhance the number of DNA and then combines with proteins to create chromosomes in the body.
Name the three monomers that make up DNA The three monomers that make up DNA are a sugar, a phosphate, and a base.
What are the four bases of DNA? A, T, C, and G.
What are the full names of bases A, T, C, and G? A stands for Adenine, T stands for Thymine, C stands for Cytosine, and G stands for Guanine
What do the different bases pair with? Adenine pairs with Thymine, and Cytosine pairs with Guanine
Describe the structure of DNA DNA forms two strands which are twisted together to form a double helix or a twisting ladder, with the sugars and phosphates making up the backbone of the ladder and the bases making up the rungs.
Which parts of the nucleotide make up the backbone of the DNA The phosphates and sugars make up the backbone of the DNA
Which part of the nucleotide makes up the rungs of DNA? The bases make up the rungs of the DNA
Describe the process of DNA replication DNA replication occurs by unwinding the DNA double helix and copying each strand individually, nucleotides being added in a complimentary fashion.
RNA vs. DNA In DNA, the sugar is Deoxyribose, and the bases are A-T, C-G, In RNA, the sugar is ribose, and the bases are A-U, C-G
What does the base U in RNA stand for? The base U in RNA stands for Uracil.
What is Protein synthesis? Protein Synthesis is the method in which DNA, RNA, and various enzymes create Protein.
What are the three types of Protein Synthesis? mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA, or Messenger RNA, Ribosomal RNA, and Transfer RNA
What is Messenger RNA? Messenger RNA carries instructions to the cytoplasm.
What is Ribosomal RNA? Ribosomal DNA reads the Messenger RNA and makes a polypeptide.
What is a polypeptide? A polypeptide is a string of amino acids bound together via covalent peptide bonds.
What is Transfer RNA? Transfer RNA transfers amino acids to areas of protein synthesis.
What is a Mutation? A Mutation is a change in DNA, usually in the replication process.
What are the three types of mutations? The three types of mutations are Substitution, Deletion, and Addition.
What is the mutation of Substitution? The Mutation of Substitution is when one of the bases are replaced by a different one.
What is the mutation of Deletion? The mutation of Deletion is when one nucleotide or base in the DNA is deleted entirely.
What is the mutation of Addition? The mutation of Addition is when a nucleotide or base is added in the middle of a sequence of DNA.
What is a mutagen? A mutagen is an environmental factor that changes the DNA.
What are some examples of mutagens? Some examples of mutagens are UV light, Tobacco, radiation, and some chemicals.
Are all mutations bad? No, not all mutations are bad, and some even go unnoticed or do not make a difference.
Are there good mutations? Yes, there can be good mutations that help rather than hurt.
Do we notice bad mutations? Yes, we notice bad or negative mutations because they tend to negatively affect our health.
How does a change in the DNA affect the cell or organism? When the code is changed, the wrong protein may be created.
What is the role of chromosomes? Chromosomes play the role of carrying the genetic information that is passed on from one generation of cells the next.
Where are chromosomes located in a prokaryote? In a prokaryote a singular, circular chromosome is located in the cytoplasm.
Created by: nerd204
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