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step 2: Cardio6
Cardio 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Heart failure usually has an EF <___% | <55% |
| High output conditions like anemia/hyperthyroidism lead to (systolic/diastolic) dysfunction | systolic |
| Which type of herat dysfunction can have a preserved EF (50%+)? | Diastolic dysfunction |
| What type of heart dysfunction is this: decreased ventricular filling | Diastolic dysfunction |
| What kind of drug is nesiritide? What is it's use? Any s/e? | it is rBNP. Used for CHF (ACUTE USE!). Can have dangerous hypotension |
| Valsalva maneuver has what affect on the murmur in Aortic Stenosis? on HCM? | in AS, valsalva decreases the murmur. In HCM, it increases the murmur |
| Name Angiotensin-II affects on: vessels, adrenals, ANS, kidney, brain, heart | vessel=constrxn, adrenal=aldosterone prdxn, ANS=NE(sympathetic tone), kidney=Na+ reabsorption, brain=ADH release+thirst, heard=cntrxn and hypertrophy |
| Murmurs that start in Apex region, and radiate to Axilla involve what valve? | Mitral |
| Murmurs that are in 2nd intercostal space, and radiate to neck or elsewhere involve what valve? | Aortic |
| Murmurs at left lower sternal border involve what valve? | Tricuspid |
| Murmurs at 2nd-3rd left interspace involve what valve? | Pulmonary |
| Systolic murmur in someone in a hyperkinetic state (like fever, hypoxemia) can be__________ | benign/incidental |
| What is the murmur (@ apex): S1 ||||S2 (late systolic) | MVP |
| Early diastolic murmur at left side of sternum? at upper left side of sternum? | AR; PR |
| MCC of cardiomyopathy? | Dilated (90%) |
| What labs should be checked for suspected uremic pericarditis? Rx? Pathology of fluid involved? | check BUN/Cr. Rx with dialysis. The fluid is BLOOD. (uremic pericarditis is seen with renal failure) |
| decreased PMI after TB or SLE can be due to ______ | acute pericarditis |
| Global ST elevation is seen in _____________. What other ECG finding is seen? | acute pericarditis; PR depression |
| MCC of chronic constrictive pericarditis? | Radiation (like Rx of Hodgkins, etc) |
| Sx of chronic pericarditis involve what part of the heart? | Right side (constriction of RV mostly e.g. Kussmaul's sign) |
| Equal pressure in all chambers of heart usually means? | chronic constrictive pericarditis |
| exudative (high protein) pericardial fluid is indicative of what cause? | neoplasm or fibrotic dz |
| fixed split S2 indicates what congenital heart problem? | ASD |
| _____ sided murmurs increase on inspiration | Right-sided |
| Rx of MR? | vasodilators (if symptomatic) |
| MCC of Mitral Stenosis? | Rheumatic Heart Disease |
| MCC of Aortic Regurg? | Aortic-root dilation (usually from aortic dissection) |
| Disatolic decrescendo murmur, increasing on left lateral decubitus is ______ | AR |
| Water hammer pulse is _______ | AR |
| What is Austin Flint murmur? | it is the late diastolic rumble of AR |
| Capillary pulsations in nail bed is in _______ | AR |
| MCC of Aortic stenosis? | congenital bicuspid valve |
| Crescendo-decrescendo murmur is? | AS |
| Pulsus parvus and tardus is found in _______ | AS |
| Exertional syncope is common in which murmur? | AS |
| Gold standard for Dx of AS is? | TEE |
| What are the 3 symptoms necessary to be present to indicate valve replacement in AS pt? What other 2 scenarios are also indications? | sycnope, angina, dyspnea. CABG or LV failure. |
| Standing cuases S4 to (increase/decrease) in HCM | increase |
| What valve murmur does HCM sound like? | AS (crescendo/decrescendo, but with no carotid radiation). However the cause is abnormal MITRAL valve motion |
| 6 main causes of dilated CM? | idiopathic (MCC), ABCCDD: alcolhol, beriberi, coxsackie B, cocaine, doxorubicin |
| DCM can follow what infection? | upper resp tract infxn |
| Rx of HCM? | B blockers (very HY!) |
| Three causes of restrictive CM? | sarcoidosis, amyloidosis (liver/kidney may be involved too), hemochromatosis (Rx with phlebotomy |
| Restrictive CM resembles what type of CHF in symptoms? | RHF |
Created by:
jsad
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