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BI-117 Wideman lab 1
Anatomy & Physiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| anatomical position | human body is erect, with head and toes pointed forward and arms hanging at the sides with palms facing forward |
| abdominal | anterior body trunk region inferior to the ribs |
| antecubital | anterior surface of the elbow |
| axillary | the armpit |
| brachial | the arm |
| buccal | the cheek |
| carpal | the wrist |
| cervical | neck region |
| coxal | the hip |
| deltoid | the roundness of the shoulder caused by the underlying deltoid muscle |
| digital | fingers or toes |
| femoral | the thigh |
| fibular | the side of the leg |
| inguinal | the groin |
| mammary | the breast |
| manus | the hand |
| nasal | the nose |
| oral | the mouth |
| orbital | the bony eye socket (orbit) |
| patellar | anterior knee region (kneecap) |
| pelvic | pelvis region |
| pubic | the genital region |
| sternal | the breastbone region (sternum) |
| tarsal | the ankle |
| thoracic | the chest |
| umbilical | the navel |
| cephalic | the head |
| gluteal | buttocks or rump |
| lumbar | area of the back between the ribs and hips (loin) |
| occipital | posterior aspect of the head; base of skull |
| popliteal | back of the knee |
| sacral | area between the hips |
| scapular | shoulder blade area; scapula |
| sural | the calf; posterior surface of the leg |
| vertebral | area of the spinal column |
| superior | above; used when one reference spot is above another reference spot |
| inferior | below; used when one reference spot is below another reference spot |
| anterior | front; |
| posterior | back; |
| medial | toward the midline or median plane (also known as midsagital plane) |
| lateral | away from the midline |
| cephalad | toward the head |
| caudad | toward the tail |
| dorsal | backside |
| ventral | belly side |
| proximal | nearer the trunk or attached end |
| distal | farther from the trunk or the point of attachment |
| superficial | toward the body surface, more external |
| deep | away from the body surface, more internal |
| sagittal plane | plane that runs lengthwise or longitudinally down the length of the body dividing it into left & right parts NOTE: if it divides the body into equal l/r parts then it's called the median or midsagittal plane |
| frontal plane | aka coronal plane a longitudinal plane that divides the body/organ into anterior and posterior parts |
| transverse pane | a plan that runs horizontally, dividing the body into superior and inferior parts; also commonly called cross sections |
| dorsal body cavity | consists of the cranial and spinal cavities; the spinal cord is a continuation of the brain and the cavities containing them are continuous with each other |
| cranial cavity | within the rigid skull, contains the brain |
| spinal cavity | runs within the bony vertral column, protects the spinal cord |
| ventral body cavity | consists of the thoracic, abdominopelvic, abdominal and pelvic cavity |
| thoracic cavity | the chest; separated from the rest of the ventral cavity by the muscular diaphragm, the heart and lungs are protected by the bony rib cage |
| abdominopelvic cavity | inferior to the diaphragm; includes the abdominal & pelvic cavities; divided into quadrants (upper right, upper left, lower right, lower left) & regions (umbilical, epigastric, hypogastric <pubic>, iliac, lumbar & hypochondriac) |
| abdominal cavity | houses the stomach, intestines, liver |
| pelvic cavity | partially enclosed by the bony pelvis and contains the reproductive organs, bladder and rectum; tips away from the abdominal cavity in a posterior direction |
| umbilical region | abdominopelvic region; the centermost region, which includes the umbilicus |
| epigastric region | abdominopelvic region; immediately superior to the umbilical region; overlies most of the stomach |
| hypogastric (pubic) region | abdominopelvic region; immediately inferior to the umbilical region; encompasses the pubic area |
| iliac region | abdominopelvic region; lateral to the hypogastric region and overlying the superior parts of the hip bones |
| lumbar region | abdominopelvic region; between the ribs and the flaring portions of the hip bones; lateral to the umbilical region |
| hypochondriac region | abdominopelvic region; flanking the epigastric region laterally and overlying the lower ribs |
| sagittal suture | connects parietals |
| coronal suture | connects parietals to frontal |
| lamboidal suture | connects parietals to occipital |
| squamosal suture | connects temporal to parietal |
| frontal bone | forehead to top of head |
| parietal bones | top of head (behind frontal bone) to each side of the head (top of the ears) |
| occipital bone | base of the skull |
| temporal bones | sides of the head, temples to back of head |
| frontal sinuses | spinal cavities behind eyebrows |
| foramen magnum | hole in base of head, which the spine goes through |
| external auditory (acoustic) meatus | ear hole in sides of skull |
| ear ossicles (aka auditory ossicles) | smallest bones in body, contained within the middle ear space |
| sphenoid | bat shaped bone, spans from temple to temple behind eyes |
| sella turcica | saddle-shaped depression in the sphenoid bone at the base of the human skull |
| optic foramen | hole in the eye socket |
| ethmoid | butterfly shaped bone above the sphenoid |
| perpendicular plate | vertical portion of the ethmoid; behind the cartilege of the nose & below/behind the nasal bones |
| maxillary bone (maxilla) | upper jaw of mouth |
| mandible | lower jaw of mouth |
| zygomatic bones | cheek bones |
| zygomatic arch | connection of the cheekbone to the ear |
| nasal bones | bones at top of nose |
| lacrimal bones | inside lower nasal side of the eyesocket |
| hyoid | u-shaped bone, under the mandible, floats |
| vertabral foramen | hole in the vertebra for the spinal chord to go through |
| spinous process | center finger-like projection on vertebra |
| transverse process | side finger-like projections on vertebra |
| cervical vertebrae | 7 neck vertebrae (C1-C7) |
| atlas | C1; 1st vertebrae at very top of spine |
| axis | C2; 2nd vertebrae |
| thoracic vertebrae | 12 upper back vertebrae (T1-T12) |
| lumbar vertebrae | 5 lower back vertebrae (L1-L5) |
| Sacrum | 5 fused vertebrae; second to last of spinal column |
| Coccyx | Last vertebrae, can be from 1 fused to 5 separate) |
| Ribs | 12 pair (last two sets are false because they do not connect directly to the sternum) |
| Rib Head | where rib connects to the vertebrae |
| Rib Shaft | front/side of rib |
| Sternum | breast bone |
| Xiphoid process | bottom of sternum; ossified cartilage |
| Costal Cartilage | cartilage connecting ribs to sternum; allow ribs to move |
| clavical | collarbones |
| scapula | shoulder blades |
| glenoid cavity (fossa) | indent on scapula where humerus connects/aligns |
| humerus | upper arm bone |
| head | ball at top of humerus |
| deltoid tuberosity | rough part of humerus shaft, pointy-ish |
| radius | lower arm bone, on thumb side |
| ulna | lower arm bone, pinky side |
| carpal bones | wrist (16) |
| metacarpal bones | palm of hand (10) |
| phalanges | fingers (28) / toes (28) |
| proximal phalanx | section of finger closest to hand |
| middle phalanx | second section of finger |
| distal phalanx | outermost section of finger |
| Coxal bones | hip bones |
| Acetabulum | concave surface of the pelvis |
| ilium | the uppermost and largest bone of the pelvis |
| ischium | lower and back part of the hip bone |
| pubis | anterior-most portion of the hip bones |
| pubic symphysis | joint @ front of the pelvis |
| Pubic arch | front joint of the pelvis (<90 degrees = male, >90 degrees = female) |
| femur | thigh bone |
| femur head | ball of femur, joins @ hip |
| medial condyle | knee end of femur, inner side |
| lateral condyle | knee end of femur, outer side |
| Patella | kneecap |
| tibia | shin bone, larger, big toe side |
| fibula | shin bone, smaller, pinky toe side |
| tarsal bones | ankle (14) |
| Metatarsal bones | foot (10) |
| fontanel | soft spots on fetal skull (anterior & posterior) |
| knee articulation | knee |
| Lateral Meniscus | between femur & tibia/fibula, outside |
| Medial Meniscus | between femur & tibia/fibula, inner side |
| anterior cruciate ligament (acl) | front of X; under patella |
| posterior cruciate ligament (pcl) | back of X; under patella |
| tibial collateral ligament | on tibia side of knee |
| figular collateral ligament | on fibia side of knee |
| condyle | the knuckle of any joint, a round projection, rounded articular area |
| foramina | any opening; typically allow muscles, nerves, arteries, veins, or other structures to connect one part of the body with another. |
| process | a projection or outgrowth of tissue from a larger body |
| fossa | referring to a depression or hollow, in general, in a bone |
| epiphysis | the rounded end of a long bone, at its joint with adjacent bone(s) |
| medullary cavity | the central cavity of bone shafts where red bone marrow and/or yellow bone marrow (adipose tissue) is stored |
| yellow bone | bone marrow that is yellow with fat; found at the ends of long bones in adults |
| diaphysis | the main or mid section (shaft) of a long bone |
| periosteum | membrane that lines the outer surface of all bones, except at the joints of long bones |
| marrow | the tissue comprising the center of large bones. It is the place where new blood cells are produced. |
| spongy bone | Filling the interior of the bone is the trabecular bone tissue (an open cell porous network also called cancellous) |
| articular cartilage | also called hyaline cartilage, is the smooth, glistening white tissue that covers the surface of all the diarthrodial joints in the human body |
| compact bone | synonymous with Cortical bone, is one of the two types of osseous tissue that form bones |
| red bone marrow | soft tissue filling the spongy interiors of animal bones. Red marrow is the principal organ that forms blood cells in mammals |
| osteon (haversian system) | the fundamental functional unit of much compact bone. Osteons, roughly cylindrical structures that are typically several millimeters long and around 0.2mm in diameter |
| canaliculi (canaliculus) | microscopic canals between the various lacunae of ossified bone |
| central (haversian) canal | Any of the tiny, interconnecting, longitudinal channels in bone tissue through which blood vessels, nerve fibers, and lymphatics pass. |
| osteocyte | a star-shaped cell, is the most abundant cell found in compact bone |
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megmac
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