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osteoarthritis 1
pn 141 test 1 book:med surg nursing page 1056
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| def of OA | a degenerative joint disease characterized by progressive loss of joint cartilage in synovial joints. |
| it is the most common what | type of arthritis |
| who is it the leading cause of disibility in | older adults |
| does it affect men more then women, or visa versa, or both equally | both equally |
| what are risk factors | age, repetitive joint use or trauma, heredity, obesitym and congenital or acquired defects |
| where in the joint does OA effect | the entire joint: cartiledge, bone, synovial membrane, and the ligaments, muscles, and tendons that surround the joint |
| what happens to the joint cartiledge | it loses its elasticity and is gradually destroyed |
| what happens to the underlying bone as the cartilesge erodes and ulcerates | it becomes exposed and thickens and cysts develop |
| what are aoseophytes, and what do they do to the joint | the are bony outgrowths, they change the anatomy of the joint |
| when small pieces of the spurs break off what can that cause | mild inflammations |
| what joints are most effected | the hips, knees, lumbar and cervical vertabrae, proximal and distal interphangeal joints of fingers wrists and big toe of foot |
| is the onset of it gradual or abrupt | gradual |
| what is the most common symptom of OA | localized joint pain (arthralgia) |
| def of arthralgia | localized joint pain |
| when the periods of immobility occur, what happens to the joints | they stiffen |
| what happens to ROM as the disease prgresses | it can decrease |
| what causes joint enlargement | bony overgrowths |
| s/s of OA | deep aching pain of affected joints, pain is agravated by used and relieved by rest, stiffness followed by imobility, Limited ROM, crepitous w/ movement, |
| What does OA do to the spine | can cause degeneration of disks between the vertebrae and narrowing of the joint space (dejenerative disk disease) |
| How is it Dx | by H and P, and xray of effected joints |
| initially, what first happens to the joint space | it narrows |
| as the disease progresses what happens to bone density (does it increase or decrease) | it increases |
| why is exercise recommended | it helps maintain muscle tone and joint support and promote weight loss |
| what are good complementary therapies | heat, water exercise |
| meds: how is the pain often managed | w/ mild analgesics like aspirin or acetaminophen |
| meds: why is acetaminophen preferred in older adults | because it has fewer toxic side effects |
| meds: what does capsaicin cream do | it can reduce joint pain and tenderness when applied topically to affected joints |
| surgery: when is it done | when pain and limited ROM interferes with ADLs |
| Surgery: What is arthroscopy | the joint is inspected and damaged cartiledge and asteophytes can be removed |
| arthroplasty: what is it | the reconstruction or replacement of a joint |
| arthroplasty: what is done in a total joint replacement | both surfaces of teh effected joint are replaced |
| arthroplasty: what happens in a total hip replacement | the joint surfaces of the acetabulum and femeral head are replaced |
| arthroplasty: what happens in a total knee replacement | the femoral side of the joint is replaced with a metallic surface and the tibial side with polethylene |
| arthroplasty: what is a major complications | infection, dislocation of the hip |
| what is a CPM | continual passive ROM machine used for total knee replacements |
| why is weight reduction important for a pt with OA | excess weight puts abnormal stress on joints, particularily the knees |
| does it occur bilat Y or N | No, usually on one side of the body |
| when does joint pain worsen | with activity or prolonged rest |
| how long does joint stiffness and swelling last | <1 hour |
| med- celebrex (celecoxib): use | Ra, OA, |
| med- celebrex (celecoxib): adverse reactions | HA, dizzy, fatigue, N, dry mouth, pain in chest |
| med- celebrex (celecoxib): action | its an NSAID, it inhibits the COX-2 enzyme w/ out inhibiting the COX-1 enzyme. so it releives pain with less potential for GI adverse reactions |
| what is glucosamine: | nateral supplement that provides a building bloack for regeneration of damaged cartilege (used for OA) |
Created by:
jmkettel
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