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UNIT 4

TermDefinition
Griffith's Experiment Demonstrated transformation in bacteria.
Hershey-Chase Experiment Confirmed DNA as genetic material.
Rosalind Franklin Provided X-ray diffraction images of DNA.
Nitrogenous Bases Adenine pairs with Thymine; Cytosine pairs with Guanine.
DNA Replication Process of copying DNA before cell division.
Protein Synthesis Creation of proteins based on genetic code.
Transcription Synthesis of mRNA from DNA template.
Translation Conversion of mRNA sequence into amino acids.
mRNA Messenger RNA carries genetic information to ribosomes.
rRNA Ribosomal RNA forms the core of ribosome structure.
tRNA Transfer RNA brings amino acids to ribosomes.
Amino Acid Building blocks of proteins, 20 types exist.
Polypeptide Chain of amino acids forming a protein.
Gene Mutation Permanent alteration in DNA sequence.
Frameshift Mutation Insertion or deletion alters reading frame.
Point Mutation Single nucleotide change in DNA sequence.
Mutagens Agents that cause genetic mutations.
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Conditions for stable allele frequencies in populations.
Natural Selection Principles Mechanism of evolution proposed by Darwin.
Biological Fitness Organism's ability to survive and reproduce.
Macro-evolution Large-scale evolutionary changes over time.
Micro-evolution Small-scale changes within a species.
Species Group of organisms capable of interbreeding.
Allopatric Speciation Species formation due to geographic isolation.
Sympatric Speciation Species formation without geographic separation.
Heterozygous Advantage Increased fitness in heterozygous individuals.
Lamarck's Theory Inheritance of acquired characteristics; largely discredited.
Created by: mcdormanash
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