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CH 11 Bones
BIOL 2401 Practical 3 Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Diaphysis (shaft) | cylinder of compact bone to provide leverage |
| Epiphysis | The end of a long bone, usually larger in diameter than the shaft. |
| epiphyseal plate | site for bone growth, made of cartilage, gradually ossifies |
| periosteum | A dense fibrous membrane covering the surface of bones (except at the ends) functions as an attachment for tendons and muscles. |
| Perforating (Sharpey's) fibers | secure periosteum to underlying bone |
| articular cartilage | Hyaline cartilage attached to articular bone surfaces |
| medullary cavity | cavity within the shaft of the long bones, stores fat (yellow bone marrow) |
| yellow marrow | soft, fatty material found in the medullary cavity of long bones |
| red marrow | produces red blood cells, found in spongy bone |
| trabeculae of spongy bone | branched networks of bone matrix found in epiphysis of long bones and in diploe of flat bones |
| nutrient artery | large artery that enters compact bone near the middle of the diaphysis, provides nutrients and blood to the osteocytes |
| Perforating (Volkmann's) canals | Large canals that connect the Central canals, oriented across bones and perpendicular to Central canals |
| circumferential lamellae | a bony lamella that encircles the outer or inner surface of a bone |
| interstitial lamellae | remains of old osteons that broke down as bone grew and remodeled |
| Osteon | functional unit of compact bone; made up of one central canal and its surrounding concentric lamellae with supporting osteocytes |
| Central (Haversian) Canal | longitudinal canal, carrying blood vessels and nerves |
| Lacunae | small cavities in bone that contain osteocytes |
| Osteocytes | mature bone cells, function to maintain surrounding bone |
| Canaliculi | cytoplasmic extensions of osteocytes, connect osteocytes to each other and the central canal |
| long bones | Longer than they are wide, predominantly compact bone |
| Long Bone Examples | Femur, radius, phalanges |
| short bones | Cube shaped, contain more spongy bone and less compact bone |
| Short Bone Examples | tarsals, carpals |
| flat bones | Generally thin, 2 wafer-like layers compact bone sandwiches a thin layer of spongy bone. |
| Flat Bone Examples | Bones of the skull cap, sternum, scapula |
| irregular bones | Bones that do not fall into any of the above categories of gross anatomy |
| Irregular Bone Examples | vertebrae, sacrum, ethmoid, sphenoid |
| sesamoid bones | Special category of short bones formed within tendon. Example: patella. Except for patella, other sesamoid bones are not counted in the bone count of 206 bones. |
| Wormian bones | Tiny bones between cranial bones, not counted in the official 206 bones. |
| Sesamoid Bone Examples | The knee is the only sesamoid bone in the body included in the 206 bone count. |
| Concentric Lamellae | Layers of bony matrix around a central canal. |
Created by:
Paiger89
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