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Bio Vocab 19-21
Miller and Levine Chapters 19 and 21
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The study of evolutionary history of organisms | Phylogeny |
| A trait that arose in the most recent common ancestor of a lineage and was passed to its descendants. A trait that has a common origin in a clade. | Derived Characters |
| A polymer made of modified sugars located in the cell walls of fungi and the exoskeleton of insects | Chitin |
| Linnean way of organizing living things into groups that have biological meaning. there are seven as follows: Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species | Taxon/Taxa |
| Eukaryotic cells came from the process of a larger prokaryote engulfing small prokaryotes. The 2 organisms lived in a beneficial relationship that developed into mitochondria, chloroplasts, and possibly other organelles. | Endosymbiotic Theory |
| A group of species that includes a single common ancestor and all descendants of that ancestor-living and extinct. Branches on the tree of life | Clade |
| Unicellular, prokaryotic, both hetero- and autotrophs, live in very extreme environments. Can survive anaerobically. Cell wall lacks peptidoglycan/cell membrane contains unusual lipids | Archaea |
| A polysaccharide consisting of chains of glucose monomers and the main component of a plant cell wall | Cellulose |
| A formal system of naming where each species gets a 2 part scientific name. The first word describes the genus and the 2nd describes the species | Binomial Nomenclature |
| Disease causing agents | Pathogens |
| This domain consists of all organisms that have a nucleus and made up of the groups: Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia | Eukarya |
| Cells that enclose their DNA in nuclei and contain membrane bound organelles | Eukaryotes |
| Viruses that infect and replicate bacterial cells | Bacteriophage |
| The concentration of sense organs and nerve cells at their anterior end (head) | Cephalization |
| Non-living particle made of proteins, nucleic acids, and sometimes lipids. They reproduce by infecting living cells | Virus |
| Links groups of organisms by showing current hypothesis about how evolutionary lines | Cladogram |
| Animals with a backbone or spine | Vertebrates |
| Members of this domain are unicellular and prokaryotic. They have thick rigid cell walls made of peptidoglycan. Some are heterotrophic and some are autotrophic | Bacteria |
| Unicellular organisms that lack a nucleus and other organelles. The DNA is located directly in the cytoplasm | Prokaryotes |
| Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia | Six Kingdom System |
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