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25 Evolution
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define an adaptation. What are the two types of adaptations? | Adaptation: a change in an organism that makes it more fit to survive in its environment 2 Types of Adaptations: Structural (part of the organism’s body) AND Behavioral (the way an organism behaves or acts) |
| Why are adaptations significant to a species’ survival? | adaptations help an organism survive in its environment by making it more fit (stronger) |
| Identify the 6 main ideas of Darwin’s theory of evolution and be able to explain. Overproduction Idea 1: | Idea 1: Overproduction Define: More offspring (babies) are produced than will actually survive! |
| Identify the 6 main ideas of Darwin’s theory of evolution and be able to explain. Idea 2: Variation | Idea 2: Variation Define: There are differences in the offspring that are produced. There are variation (differences) within the specific adaptation Ex: Coat/fur Color, beak shape |
| Identify the 6 main ideas of Darwin’s theory of evolution and be able to explain. Idea 3: Competition | Idea 3: Competition Define: Natural resources are limited, so…organisms compete for food, water, space, mates. |
| Identify the 6 main ideas of Darwin’s theory of evolution and be able to explain. Idea 4: Selection/ Survival of the fittest | Idea 4: Selection/ Survival of the fittest Define: Variation (differences) make some organisms better suited to survive in their environment. AND the best adapted most often survive. |
| Identify the 6 main ideas of Darwin’s theory of evolution and be able to explain. Idea 5: Reproduction | Idea 5: Reproduction Define: Those with the best adaptations usually survive and reproduce. The “good traits” are passed onto the next generation. |
| Identify the 6 main ideas of Darwin’s theory of evolution and be able to explain. Idea 6: Speciation | Idea 6: Speciation Define: New species form as variations or adaptations become more frequent (happen more often) in a population. |
| What island was helped and influenced Darwin’s formation of the theory of natural selection? | Galapagos Islands |
| Which evolutionary biologist does modern theory of evolution follow? What has been added? | Darwin-knowledge of DNA |
| What is the “selecting agent/driving force” in natural selection and evolution? | In natural selection--the selecting agent is the environment & changes in the environment. |
| What couldn’t Darwin explain in his theory of evolution? (What did Darwin not KNOW about?) | Darwin didn't know about mutations/DNA |
| How does the rate of sexual reproduction affect the evolution of a species? (Ex. Evolution is faster in bacteria than elephants.) | The faster an organism reproduces (shorter gestational (pregnancy)/ development cycle), the faster it will evolve. Bacteria reproduce very quickly/often, so they are able to evolve more quickly. |
| How do bacteria develop a resistance to antibiotics? Why/how is this an example of natural selection? | The weaker bacteria will be killed first, but the stronger bacteria mutate (change) & become resistant to the antibiotics. The antibiotics WON'T KILL them. Bacteria who survive are RESISTANT --harder to KILL! Cause: OVERUSE or MISUSE of antibiotics. |
| What is biodiversity? | Biodiversity is the variety of life on Earth at all its levels, from genes to ecosystems. |
| Why is biodiversity so important to stability (balance) on the planet? | The greater the biodiversity, the more stable the ecosystem. It's a GOOD THING! BECAUSE if there are multiple species occupying a niche, it helps make sure that if one species dies, there are others there to fill in their niche (jobs). |
| How are interspecific and intraspecific competition different? | Intraspecific Competition: Happens between individuals of the same species. Interspecific Competition: Happens between individuals of different species. |
| Example of intraspecific competition | Two male birds of the same species might compete for mates in the same area. |
| Example of interspecific competition | Example: different species (types) of fish in ocean ecosystems, so they compete for food. |
| The fossil record. What is a fossil and where can they be found? | --a fossil is the preserved remains of ancient organisms. --They are found in Sedimentary rock. |
| How can you tell which fossils are older based on where they are found in undisturbed (untouched) layers of rock? | The fossils found in the deepest layers are the oldest. The youngest fossils are found closest to the top, the upper layers |
| What is Comparative Anatomy? | Observing the detailed structure of boy parts (bones, etc) of the organism that reveal (show) many similarities… this suggests COMMON ANCESTOR! |
| What is Comparative Embryology? | The development of embryos of organisms that are very different when mature (grown up) show similarities during their early stages |
| What is Comparative Cytology? | All cells share certain structures: REMEMBER: ALL cells MUST have: --cell membrane -- genetic information --cytoplasm & --ribosomes! |
| What is Comparative Biochemistry? | Comparing biochemical materials such as enzymes, hormones, and DNA to identify close relationships between species |
| What is geographic isolation? | When populations become separated by a geographic feature (water, mountains) and each gene pool of that population becomes a new species. (Gene Pool-all the genes of a particular population) |
| How does geographic isolation lead to reproductive isolation? | Geographic Isolation LEADS TO (causes) Reproductive Isolation--the new species can no longer reproduce with the original population |
| How are gradualism and punctuated equilibrium different? | Gradualism: slow, steady, and progressive change over time Punctuated Equilibrium: periods of NO CHANGE and then, very fast/rapid change usually because of a BIG change in the environment |
| What is the source(s) of variation that lead to evolution? Why are these sources significant for evolution? | Mutations (gene variants) OR from a normal process in which genetic material (DNA) is rearranged (moved around) as a cell gets ready to divide (called genetic recombination). |
| What is the “selecting agent/driving force” in artificial selection? | In artificial selection--the selecting agent is HUMANS --in other words, humans choose what trait/feature they want and breed the organisms specifically to get more of that trait (selective breeding) |
Created by:
Mrs. Curcio
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