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Biology B Unit 12

QuestionAnswer
Lymphatic System Returns fluid to the blood and protects the body against foreign material
Lymph A special fluid formed in spaces between cells that transports excess water and proteins that cannot get back into the bloodstream and is carried lymph vessels
Lymph Nodes Small bean shaped glands that filter out germs that could harm you and can sometimes swell up because of germs
Lymphocytes Special white blood cells that are stored in Lymh Nodes
The Germ Theory of Disease Infectious diseases are caused by pathogens
Pathogens Any living thing (organism) that causes disease (bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites)
Causes of Diseases Pathogens, inherited genetics, toxins, nutritional causes, and injury
Transmossion of Infectious Diseases Spread by air, physical contact, contaimated food or water, sexual contact (STDs), and animals
The Immune System Eliminates pathogens and other illnesses that invade the body to maintain homeostasis and has three layers
Immune System Layer 1 Skin, breathing passages (nose, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, mouth) and the stomach
Immune System Layer 2 The Inflammatory Response system
Immune System Layer 3 The Immune Response system
Skin It's oil and sweat contains chemicals that destroy many pathogens while other fall off with dead skin cells. The body also clots blood by cuts and forms scabs with Platelets to prevent pathogens from entering .
Breathing Passages (Nose, Pharynx, Trachea, Bronchi, Mouth) Have hairs, mucus, and cilia that trap pathogens in the air that may enter into the respiratory system. Pathogens will cause you to cough or sneeze when irritating the passages so the body can get rid of pathogens.
Mouth and Stomach Saliva contains chemicals gets a rid of pathogens contained in foods while stomach acid kills them
Inflammatory Responsse A response to pathogens damaging body cells that leaks fluids and certain types of white blood cells into nearby tissues. Blood vessels can widen near the pathogens to allow blood to flow there and a fever can also occur to destroy pathogens.
Immune Response Causes Lymphocytes (white blood cells) to target the apthogen once a fever occurs
T-Cells Identifys pathogens based on proteins called antigens and destroys them after being recognized by helper T-Cells though others activate B-Cells
B-Cells Produce proteins called antibodies that destroy specific kinds of pathogens by locking on the antigens and clumping together
Memory T and B cells Fight off pathogens quickly if the body is infected by them again
Organ Transplants Possible rejection because the body is recognizing self vs non-self cells so medications are given to suppress the immune system's response at the caust of weakend infection defense.
Active Immunity When your own body produces antibodies against an infection
Vaccines Dead or weakend pathogens that trigger your body to make antibodies and memory cells that give you immunity
Passive Immunity When you receive antibodies from another source such as fetus' getting their antibodies from it's mother
Autoimmune Disease Antibodies are produced to fight against regular self cells such as Juvenile diabetes causing antibodies to destroy pancreas cells while Multiple Sclerosis makes them attack the outer layer of nerve cells
AIDS HIV destroys Helper T cells and makes the immune system weaker causing people to become ill from infections others can fight off.
Allergies Immune system has an overraction to harmless antigen causing the body to release histamine causing you to suffer symptoms such as watery eyes and coughing.
Created by: user-1866784
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