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Water Management
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Runoff | surface water that moves across the surface of the land and enters streams and rivers |
| Groundwater | water that fills spaces in the substrate |
| Aquifer | underground layer of gravel, sand, or permeable rock that holds groundwater that can be extracted by wells |
| Unconfined aquifer | receives water from the surface, closest to surface |
| Confined aquifer | between two impervious layers and under pressure |
| Water Table | top layer saturated with water |
| Clean Water Act -1972 | protects waters from pollution -setting water quality standards for surface water -limiting effluent discharges into the water |
| Domestic Water Use | used by households to carry wastes, gardening, drinking, and cooking |
| Agriculture Water Use | irrigation for crops, comes from groundwater (43%) & surface water (57%) |
| Industrial Water Use | used for cooling, manufacturing, to dilute & transport waste |
| In-Stream Water Use | makes use of water in its channels and basins for hydroelectric power, recreation, and navigation |
| Biochemical Oxygen Demand | amount of O2 required to decay a certain amount of organic matter |
| Point Source | source of pollution readily located, identified, and resolved |
| Nonpoint Source | more difficult to identify and control such as runoff & acid rain |
| Thermal pollution | when industry withdraws water from a source, uses it for cooling purposes, and returns heated water to its original source |
| Metropolitan areas provide 3 basic services | -water supply for human and industrial needs -wastewater collection and treatment -storm water collection and management |
| Water diversion | process of transferring water from one area to another |
| Primary sewage treatment | physical process, removes large particles via filtration |
| Secondary sewage treatment | biological process, uses microorganisms and high oxygenated water to remove organic matter |
| Tertiary sewage treatment | chemical process, to remove chemical compounds |
| Salinization | increase in salinity caused by growing salt concentrations in soil |
| Groundwater mining | removing water from an aquifer faster than it can be replenished |
| The US Federal Wild & Scenic River Act - 1968 | established a system to protect wild and scenic rivers from development |
| Wetlands provide | -wildlife spawning and breeding habitats -natural water filtration systems -slow floodwaters, allowing nutrient settling -floodwater control |
| What is water? | a renewable resource that circulates continually between the atmosphere and Earth's surface |
| What provides the energy for the hydrologic cycle? | the sun |
| What is water use measured by? | the amount withdrawn or consumed |
| What is in short supply in metropolitan areas? | water for domestic use |
| What is the largest consumptive use of water? | agricultural irrigation |
| Major sources of water pollution | municipal sewage, industrial wastes, and agricultural runoff |
| Ground water pollution | landfills, septic tanks, leaking pipes |
| What can reduced water quality do? | threaten land use and in-place water use |
Created by:
ila2309
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