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Earth Science Unit 7

Geologic History

TermDefinition
Uniformitarianism the idea that forces working on our planet today worked on our planet in the past in the same manner
Relative Dating determination of the age of a rock or event in relation to the ages of other rocks or events
Principle of Superposition basis for relative dating and the idea that the bottom layer is the oldest and each overlying layer gets progressively younger
Original Horizontality idea that sedimentary and igneous rocks are deposited in parallel layers to Earth’s surface
Extrusions molten rock flows onto the surface
Intrusions when molten rock squeezes into preexisting rock layers
Contact Metamorphism temperature induces change of preexisting rocks along an intrusion
Faults a crack in the bedrock where movement has occurred
Folds when thrusting rock layers cause pre-existing rock layers to overturn
Correlation the process of showing that rocks or geologic events from different places are the same or similar age
Fossils remains or evidence of former living things Examples: bones, shells, footprints, and organic compounds (DNA)
Index Fossil fossil used to define and identify geologic periods. Best method for correlating rocks
Geologic Time Markers deposits spread over large areas that represent a specific date Examples: volcanic ash deposits and meteorite impacts
Absolute Dating using radioactive decay to determine the exact age of a rock, fossil, or event
Radioactive Decay the disintegration of an isotope over time
Isotopes variations of an element that have the same atomic number but differing atomic masses
Half-Life he time required for half of a radioactive product to decay to a stable product
Uranium-238 one of the most important isotopes when dating rocks or events millions of years ago
Carbon-14 one of the most important isotopes when dating organic remains within tens of thousands of years
Created by: user-1746037
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