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WSHS Biology
WSHS - Fall 2010 - Biology - Unit 3 Terms- Mabe/Tedder
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cohesion | attraction between molecules of the same substance |
| adhesion | attraction between molecules of different substances; in plants, attraction between unlike molecules |
| mixture | material composed of two or more elemants or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined |
| solution | mixture of two or more substances in which the molecules of the substances are evenly distributed |
| solute | substance that is dissolved in a solvent to make a solution |
| solvent | substance in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution |
| suspension | mixture of water and nondissolved materials |
| pH | measurement system used to indicate the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in solution; ranges from 0 to 14 |
| acid | compound that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in solution |
| base | compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH+) in solution |
| buffer | weak acid or base that can react with strong acids or bases to help prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH |
| monomer | small unit that can join together with other small units to form polymers |
| polymer | large compound formed from combinations of many monomers |
| carbohydrate | compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; major source of energy for the human body |
| monosaccharide | single sugar molecule |
| polysaccharide | large macromolecule formed from monosaccharides - complex sugars |
| lipid | macromolecule made maily from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes |
| nucleic acid | macromolecule containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus |
| nucleotide | monomer of nucleic acid made up of a 5 carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base |
| ribonucleic acid | single-stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose; RNA |
| deoxyribonucleic acid | nucleic acid that contains the sugur deoxyribose |
| protein | macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair and to make up enzymes |
| amino acid | compound with an amino group on one end and a carbon unit on the other - the building blocks of protein |
| chemical reaction | process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals |
| reactant | element or compound that enters into a chemical reaction |
| product | element or compound produced by a chemical reaction |
| activation energy | energy needed to get a reaction |
| catalyst | substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction |
| enzyme | protein that acts as a biological catalyst |
| substrate | reactant of an enzyme-calalyzed reaction |
| peptide bond | chains of amino acids are held together "these" bonds in polypeptides and proteins |
| "ose" | carbohydrates or sugars always end in this |
| "ase" | enzymes always end in this |
| enzyme | a catalyst or chemical produced by cells to speed up a specific chemical reaction |
| uracil | a nitrogenous base found only in RNA |
| thymine | a nitrogenous base found only in DNA |
| A, C, G | nitrogenous bases found in both RNA and DNA |
| buffer | these are added to substances to keep pH from changing too much |
| cell membrane | a selectively permeable structure that allows things to enter and leave the cell |
| leaf's outer layer | this water-resistent structure is composed of lipids |
| starch | plants store glucose in this polysaccharide |
| enzyme-substrate | formed when an enzyme and substrate join lowering the activation energy |
| lipid bilayer | makes up the cell membrane and is composed of two layers of lipid molecules |
| deoxyribose | five carbon sugar found in DNA |
| ribose | five carbon sugar found in RNA |
| nitrogenous base | an organic compound containing nitrogen such as A, C, G, T, and U |
Created by:
ktedder
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