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Biodiversity (1)
Unit 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Species richness is higher when the community | is not dominated by a single species. |
| Species richness is | the number of different species in a community. |
| Ecosystem services provided by forests include all of the following except | eliminate pests and disease |
| Ecosystems with greater species richness are better able to supply | ecosystem services. |
| Why does greater structural complexity of vegetation tend to support more bird species? | A wider variety of ecological niches can be filled. |
| The continuous, low-level extinction of species that has occurred throughout the time organisms have occupied Earth is known as ___ extinction. | background |
| Which of the following is an example of habitat fragmentation? | Constructing roads through old growth forest. |
| In what way do human-introduced invasive species cause native species endangerment? | invasive species outcompete the native species for food and habitat. |
| The causes of mass extinctions are not well known, but one possible cause is | a major climate change. |
| The elimination of a species from Earth is termed ___. | extinction |
| The black and-white ruffed lemur, seen below, is only found in Madagascar, which makes the lemur: | an endemic species. |
| Wildlife reserves are an example of: | in situ conservation. |
| Using knowledge of ecology to return a damaged habitat as close as possible to its former state is | restoration ecology. |
| Which of the following is a disadvantage associated with seed banks? | plants from stored seeds remain stagnant in an evolutionary sense |
| Captive breeding programs are an example of ___. | ex situ conservation |
| Habitat corridors | connect fragmented habitats to make it easier for organisms to migrate from one habitat to another. |
| Compare data in the table below to determine which group has the greatest combined number of endangered and threatened species | flowering plants |
| The ultimate goal of the U.S. Endangered Species Act is to | provide legal protection to listed endangered species and to reduce their danger of extinction. |
| Under the Endangered Species Act species are designated as endangered according to | biological grounds only. |
| Both the Environmental Species Act and the World Conservation Strategy: | need further refinement because species continue to go extinct in the US and around the world. |
| Why are products made from endangered animals, like those seen below, still sold, even after the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES) went into effect in 1975? | The law is not enforced in every country and potential profits are much higher than fines for illegal trade. |
| The Convention on Biological Diversity aims to decrease extinction rates of endangered species around the world by | requiring countries that have signed the convention to develop a national conservation strategy. |
| The number of different species in a community describes its | species richness. |
| An area recently vacated by glaciers will have | low species richness. |
| The species richness of a community depends on all of the following factors except | the quality of ecosystem services. |
| In an ecosystem, where is species richness greatest? | at the edges of adjacent communities in the ecotone |
| According to the graph below, how many bird species are supported by the most structurally complex areas? | 33 |
| Biological diversity is the | number and variety of Earth’s organisms |
| A one-hectare forest community is sampled in early August. The sample yields 12 small trees, 4 types of vines, as well as 17 native shrubs that represent 10 species. What can be estimated from the sample for the shrubs in the forest community? | the species richness |
| Individuals within all populations of a particular species each have a unique combination of traits. This broad genetic base is known as | genetic diversity. |
| Ecosystem services provided by coastal environments include all of the following except | prevent low-level extinction of species |
| What is the difference between background extinction and mass extinction? | background extinction is continuous and low-level; mass extinction occurs during a relatively short period of time and involves large numbers of species |
| When was the Endangered Species Act originally passed and what was its purpose? | 1973 authorizing the FWS to protect endangered and threatened species in the U.S. and abroad. |
| Restoration ecology plays a large role in | the regeneration of soil damaged by agriculture or mining |
| Why do urban areas have more surface runoff than pre-urban areas? | Urban areas have fewer trees and more impermeable surfaces than pre-urban areas. |
| Making water available for future generations without harming the hydrologic cycle is termed ___ water use | sustainable |
| What is one reason why rivers are dammed? | for hydroelectricity production |
| How can farmers conserve the amount of water used by agriculture? | install a micro irrigation system |
| Which of the following is an appropriate use for recycled gray water? | flushing toilets |
| Water pollution is | a physical or chemical change in water that adversely affects health. |
| Rapid enrichment of bodies of water with fertilizers, sewage, and other organic waste can lead to | artificial eutrophication. |
| Agricultural runoff is an example of ___ pollution. | nonpoint source |
| Which of the following bodies of water is shallow, has very high nutrient levels, low dissolved oxygen, poor light penetration, and is a habitat to warm-water fish? | A |
| What type of water pollution is illustrated in this photo? | point source |
| Point A is located in: | a confined aquifer |
| The legislation that guarantees safe public potable water is the ___ Act. | Safe Drinking Water |
| Where in this sewage treatment process does bacteria play a role in consuming organic wastes? | #4 and #8 |
| What is the global ocean? | a huge body of salt water that surrounds the continents |
| The force resulting from Earth’s rotations that influences the paths of surface ocean currents is the | Coriolis effect. |
| Along the coast of South America, in an El Niño – Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event | coastal upwelling weakens, which temporarily reduces fish populations. |
| Which of the following does not affect ocean currents? | number and type of marine organisms |
| Prevailing winds over the ocean generate large, circular ocean current systems called | gyres. |
| The diagrams below show normal conditions and conditions during an El Niño – Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event. Both diagrams demonstrate how ___ affect climate patterns | atmospheric circulation and ocean circulation |
| What drives the direction of these deep-ocean currents seen in this diagram? | vertical motion of cold water sinking and warm water rising |
| The benthic environment is the | ocean floor from intertidal zone to deep-ocean trenches. |
| Which letter labels the intertidal zone? | A |
| In which major ocean life zone would you place the animal pictured below? | pelagic environment |
| Kelp, sea grass, and coral are all found in the | euphotic zone |
| Which ecosystem is the most diverse of all marine environments? | coral reefs |
| The majority of global ocean pollution comes from | human activities on land |
| In aquacultural “fish farms,” fish populations | produce above normal concentrations of waste that pollute adjacent water. |
| The Pacific garbage patch is a(n) | continuous, expanding array of floating plastics in the north pacific gyre. |
| Models, based on past behavior of the ocean conveyor belt, suggest climate warming could ___ the ocean conveyor belt. | weaken |
| This pictured catch by commercial fishermen is unintended and termed | bycatch |
| From these data, one can observe that the contribution of aquaculture to the global seafood harvest is | increasing |
| Why were large portions of Georges Bank, found off the cost of Massachusetts, closed to commercial fishing in 1994? | Cod populations had collapsed due to overharvesting. |
| Which of the following is an international accord that specifically aims to improve the environmental quality of oceans? | U.N. Fish Stocks Agreement |
| Which of the following is a holistic approach to ocean management? | ecosystem-based management. |
| The Ocean Dumping Ban Act | barred ocean disposal of sewage and industrial waste. |
| What is the U.N. Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)? | an international constitution for oceans aimed to protect ocean resources |
| What feature is being pointed out on this globe? | national marine sanctuary system |
| What is happening in diagram B? | Evaporation is moving water vapor from land and ocean to atmosphere. |
| Which river has the largest watershed in the world? | Amazon |
| Excessive water removal from wells near oceans may cause | salt water intrusion. |
| Making water available for future generations without harming the hydrologic cycle is termed ___ water use. | sustainable |
| All of the following are sources of groundwater pollution except | ultraviolet radiation. |
| Primary wastewater treatment removes particles from water with | mechanical processes. |
| Most of the world’s major watersheds | are shared between at least two nations. |
| A current issue in the Colorado River Basin is | water diverted for irrigation and a growing population is depriving downstream areas of water. |
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