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Science
| allele | An allele is a specific version of a gene, and individuals inherit two alleles for each gene, one from each parent |
| chromosome | a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes |
| claim | state or assert that something is the case |
| DNA | a molecule found in the cells of living organisms, containing the genetic information that determines an individual's traits and characteristics |
| evidence | the available body of facts or information indicating whether a belief or proposition is true or valid. |
| feature | a distinctive attribute or aspect of something |
| fertilization | the action or process of fertilizing an egg, female animal, or plant, involving the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote |
| function | an activity or purpose natural to or intended for a person or thing |
| gene | a unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring |
| gene version | a specific variant of a gene, meaning different sequences of DNA that code for the same trait but can result in variations in how that trait is expressed. |
| heterozygous | A term that describes having two different versions of the same gene |
| homozygous | having two identical alleles of a particular gene or genes |
| inherit | derive (a quality, characteristic, or predisposition) genetically from one's parents or ancestors |
| mutation | the changing of the structure of a gene, resulting in a variant form that may be transmitted to subsequent generations, caused by the alteration of single base units in DNA, or the deletion, insertion, or rearrangement of larger sections of genes or chrom |
| nonfunctional protein | one that, due to factors like mutations or environmental conditions, has lost its ability to perform its intended biological function, often due to a change in its structure |
| nucleus | the central and most important part of an object, movement, or group, forming the basis for its activity and growth |
| offspring | the product or result of something |
| protein molecule | made from a long chain of these amino acids, each linked to its neighbor through a covalent peptide bond |
| reasoning | the action of thinking about something in a logical, sensible way |
| ribosomes | a minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells. They bind messenger RNA and transfer RNA to synthesize polypeptides and proteins |
| scientific argument | a reasoned explanation or point of view related to the natural world, supported by evidence and logic, rather than opinion or belief, and used to justify a claim about a scientific phenomenon |
| sexual reproduction | he production of new living organisms by combining genetic information from two individuals of different types (sexes). In most higher organisms, one sex (male) produces a small motile gamete which travels to fuse with a larger stationary gamete produced |
| structure | the arrangement of and relations between the parts or elements of something complex |
| trait | a distinguishing quality or characteristic, typically one belonging to a person |
| variation | a change or difference in condition, amount, or level, typically with certain limits |
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