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Biology STAAR Review

13ABCD Ecology

TermDefinition
Ecology The study of interactions of living organisms with each other and their environment.
Ecosystem The community of different species in a particular geographic area and all of their interactions with each other and the physical environment; ecosystems are also called ecological networks.
Community Consisting of populations of different species that live together and interact with one another.
Ecological relationships Organisms in an ecosystem exhibit different types of relationships as they interact. In which depend on each other for survival.
Symbiosis Long term, even evolutive relationship between two or more different biological species.
Mutualism Symbiotic relationship in which both organisms are benefited.
Commensalism Symbiotic relationship in which one organism is benefited, and the other is neither helped nor harmed.
Parasitism Symbiotic relationship in which one organism is benefited, and the other is harmed.
Competition In any ecosystem there a finite number of resources. This means that there is a limited amount of nutrients, water, habitats and energy. Organisms must compete for them.
Predation Relationship between predator and prey.
Habitat Area and resources used by a particular species with their abiotic environment.
Flow energy How energy flows in a ecosystem through organisms.
Herbivores Animals that only eat vegetation (plants).
Carnivores Animals that only eat other animals (meat).
Omnivores Animals that eat plants and meat.
Detritivores Consumers that eat decaying matter and animal feces (detritus) and help recycle nutrients within ecosystems.
Food chain Food chain shows the feeding relationships for a single chain of producers and consumers.
Food web Model that shows a complex network of feeding relationships and the related flow of energy.
Biotic Living organisms in a habitat.
Abiotic Non-living things. All the physical and chemical components of a habitat.
Autotrophs Photosynthetic organisms are considered autotrophs because they make their own food.
Heterotrophs Heterotrophic organisms, like animals and fungi, must ingest or absorb nutrients from the environment. Because heterotrophs consume food energy, we call them consumers.
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