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Amputaions
pn 141 test 1 book: med surg nursing page 1037
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| def of amputation | the total or partial removal of a body part |
| why is it done | tx of bone cancer, result of a chronic condition (PVD, DM), or due to trauma |
| what is the major cause of lower extremity amputation | PVd |
| What is the major cause of upper extremity amputations | trauma |
| What causes an amputation in PVd | circulation to the extremity is impaired leading to edema and tissue damage |
| why can bacteria invade w/ PVD so easily | because there is altered immune function there |
| What happens in peripheral neuropathies | loss of sensation frequently leads to unrecognized injury and infection, and untreated infection can lead to gangrene |
| what is the level of amputation determined by | the extent of tissue damage |
| complications of an amputation | infection, delayed healing, contractures |
| what type of pt is at high risk for infection | older age, smoker, PVD, DM |
| S/s of infection | drainage, odor, redness, positive wound cultures, increased discomfort at the suture site |
| systemic S/s of infection | increased temp, chills, tachycardia, decrease in BP |
| what is delayed healing | healing that occurs at a slower rate than expected |
| what can lead to delayed healing | infection or impaired circulation |
| who is at risk for delayed healing | older adults with PVD and other chronic illnesses, poor nutrion, DM, smoking |
| what is a contracture | an abnormal flexion and fixation of a joint caused by muscle atrophy and shortening |
| where does the contracture usually happen in association with the amputation | above th joint |
| ways to prevent contractures: what to do with above the knee amputation | place is prone position several times a day, and do not elevate stump, avoid sitting for long periods of time |
| ways to prevent contractures: what to do with below the knee amputation | elevate foot of bed, keeping knee extended |
| ways to prevent contractures: | Passive ROM, joint extention |
| Phantom pain: DEf | isfelt along the nerve of the body part that has been amputated |
| Phantom pain: cause | unknown |
| Phantom pain: what will pt feel | crushing, numb, trapped, twisted, burning |
| fallowing the amputation what will the would be like | either open, or closed (flap) |
| Why is an open amputation done | when an infection is present , the end of the stump is left open to drain, when the infection is cleared the wound is closed |
| closed amputation: what is formed to cover the end of the wound | a flap |
| why is a rigid plaster shell or a compression dressing applied to the stump after amputation | to reduce edema, prevent infection, promote healing, helps to mold stump for prosthesis |
| after the wound is dressed what is the pt encouraged to do to toughen the stump | push it into first soft then harder surfaces |
| how long can it take until a prosthesis is fitted | up to twelve weeks postop b/c swelling has to decrease |
Created by:
jmkettel
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