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Unit 6:Genetics

TermDefinition
Genetics The science of heredity. It began with Gregor Mendel who is regarded as the father of genetics.
Allele An alternate form of a gene.
Dominant The form of a gene that is expressed even if an individual only inherits one copy of the gene.
Recessive The form of a gene that is only expressed when the dominant gene for the trait is absent. It usually means that an individual has inherited two copies of the gene.
Homozygous Having two identical alleles for a particular trait.
Heterozygous Having two different alleles for a particular trait.
Phenotype The observable characteristic or outward expression of an allele pair.
Genotype The allele pairs for a particular trait. It is usually written as a pair of letters.
Law of segregation The two alleles for a particular trait possessed by parents in their diploid cells will separate during the formation of gametes during meiosis.
Hybrids Another way of describing a heterozygous condition.
Purebred Another way of describing a homozygous condition.
Probability The likelihood that an event will occur.
Genetic recombination The combination of genes produced by crossing over and independent assortment.
Selective breeding A form of artificial selection whereby humans mate individuals with desired traits in hopes that the next generation will also possess those traits.
Test cross Involves breeding an organism that has the unknown genotype with one that is homozygous recessive for the desired trait.
Carrier An individual who is heterozygous for a recessive disorder.
Pedigree A diagram that traces the inheritance of a particular trait through several generations.
Incomplete dominance A complex inheritance pattern in which the heterozygous phenotype is an intermediate phenotype between the two homozygous phenotypes.
Simple dominance and recessiveness An inheritance pattern resulting in a dominant trait as long as at least one dominant allele is inherited. If only recessive alleles are inherited for the particular trait, the organism will express the recessive form of the trait.
Codominance A complex inheritance pattern in which two different alleles are both dominant and they are equally expressed in the phenotype.
Multiple alleles Not all traits are determined by two alleles. If 3 or more alleles exist for a single gene, that trait is described as a multiple allele trait.
Sex-linked trait Traits controlled by genes located on sex chromosomes, usually the X chromosome.
Polygenic traits Traits that arise from the interaction of multiple pairs of genes. Skin color, height, eye color, and fingerprint pattern are all examples of polygenic traits.
Genes Segments of DNA that code for proteins which ultimately determine our traits.
Traits A characteristic.
Heredity The passing down of genetic information from one generation to the next.
Created by: user-1733795
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