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Types of Bonds
High School Biology-Types of Bonds
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| ions | an atom with a net positive or net negative charge |
| Cations | positively charged ions (formed by losing an electron or electrons) |
| Anions | negatively charged ions (formed by gaining an electron or electrons) |
| ionic bond | Formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another (formed between two ions with opposite charges) |
| Covalent bond | formed by atoms sharing electrons |
| electronegativity | the net amount of negative charge that an atom has (other atoms are more attracted to the atom with the highest electonegativity) |
| Polar Covalent Bond | a covalent bond where the atoms have different electronegativity (or different amount of electrons) causing a seperation of charges (meaning as a result they will have a slightly positive or slightly negative charge) |
| nonpolar covalent bond | a covalent bond in which two atoms have the same or very similar electronegativities so the charge are distributed evenly |
| metallic bond | The force between the metal's positive ion and its delocailised electron |
| Hydrogen bonds | the attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom |
| Van der Waals bond | occurs due to temporary shifts in electron density |
| Order from strongest to weakest bonds: | covalent, ionic, hydrogen, van der waals |
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e pluribus unum
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