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Human reproduction

QuestionAnswer
testis produce testosterone and sperm
epidiymis where sperm matures and is stored
scrotum keeps testes at a suitable, lower temperature
sperm duct brings sperm to the urethra
penis inserts sperm into the females body
seminal vesicles produces seminal fluid and pushes semen out
prostate gland produces seminal fluid
cowper gland neutralizes urine in the urethra
ovaries produce an egg and hormones: oestrogen and progesterone
fallopian tube site of fertilisation and catches egg from ovaries and transports to the uterus
uterus site of implantation, holds developing embryo
endometrium lining enriched with blood vessels to nourish the embryo and forms placenta
cervix seperates uterus from vagina
vagina entry of sperm, exit of baby at birth
role of meiosis in the production of sperm and eggs sperm and eggs are sex cells called gametes. they are diploid and contain 46 chromosomes. gametes divide by meiosis so each cell has 23 chromosomes each
primary sexual characteristics reproductive system you were born with (gender)
secondary sexual characteristics physical features that appear during puberty
male secondary characteristics facial and pubic hair, voice deepens, growth spurt
female secondary characteristics pubic hair, breasts enlarge, growth spurt
menstrual cycle a 28 day sequence of events that produce an egg and prepares the body for pregnancy
menopause when menstrual cycle stops for good
day 1-5 (menstruation) the endometrium breaks down and is shed from the body, new egg is produced by the meiosis in the ovaries
day 6-13 (repair) oestrogen hormone produced by developing graafian follicle 2 functions: lining of uterus builds back up and oestrogen prevents egg development
day 14 (ovulation) graafian follicle bursts to release the egg into the fallopian tube
day 15-21 graafian follicle develops into corpeus luteum (yellow body), causing endometrium to thicken and prevents new egg formation
day 21-28 if no fertilisation, corpeus luteum starts to generate causing reduction of progesterone. lining breaks down again on day 28
fertile period 12- 16 days
follicle stimulating hormone secreted by pituitary gland
follicle stimulating hormone function forces egg development into graafian follicle which produces oestrogen and develops sperm through mitosis
oestrogen secreted by graafian follicle (5-14)
orestrogen function develops endometrium
luteinising hormone secreted by pituitary glancd
luteinising hormone function causes ovulation and corpus luteum to develop
progesterone secreted by corpus luteum (14-28)
progesterone function maintains endometrium and inhibits FSH so no new eggs
insemination the release of sperm into the female and contraction of the uterus move sperm to fallopian tube
fertilisation fusion of egg and sperm nuclei to form a diploid zygote
morula rapid mitosis to form a ball of cells
blastocyst formation of a hollow structure, ball of cells
throphoblast area around the blastocyst form the chorion
amnion protective sac surrounding the embryo
implantation the embedding of the fertilised egg into the endometrium through cilia
conception the ability to have viable pregnancy/offspring
germ layer groups of cells that will go on to develop into different tissues in the body
ectoderm outermost layer, skin and nervous system
mesoderm middle layer, muscle and skeleton
endoderm inner layer, lining of intestines and liver
gamete haploid sex cell produced by meiosis
Created by: Kamilex
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