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9th Bio Chpt 20
9th Grade Honors Biology Chapter 20
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Extinct | Condition of a species that has died out and has no living members |
| Relative dating | Method of determining the age of a fossil by comparing its placement with that of fossils in other rock layers |
| Index fossil | Distinctive fossil that is used to compare the relative ages of fossils |
| Radiometric dating | Method for determining the age of a sample from the ratio of a radioactive isotope to the nonradioactive isotope of the same element in a sample |
| Half-life | Length of time required for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay |
| Geologic time scale | Timeline used to represent Earth’s entire history |
| Era | Major division of geologic time; usually divided into two or more periods |
| Period | Division of geologic time into which eras are subdivided |
| Plate tectonics | Geologic processes, such as continental drift, volcanoes, and earthquakes, resulting from plate movement |
| Macroevolutionary Patterns | Changes in anatomy, phylogeny, and behavior that take place in clades larger than a single species |
| Background extinction | Extinction caused by the slow and steady process of natural selection |
| Mass extinction | Event during which many species become extinct during a relatively short period of time |
| Gradualism | Evolution of a species by gradual accumulation of small genetic changes over long periods of time |
| Punctuated equilibrium | Pattern of evolution in which long, stable periods are interrupted by brief periods of more rapid change |
| Adaptive radiation | Process by which a single species or a small group of species evolves into several different forms |
| Convergent evolution | Process by which unrelated organisms independently evolve similarities when adapting to similar environments |
| Coevolution | Process by which two species evolve in response to change in each other over time |
| Endosymbiosis theory | Theory that proposes that eukaryotic cells form a symbiotic relationship among several different prokaryotic cells |