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9th Bio Chpt 20

9th Grade Honors Biology Chapter 20

TermDefinition
Extinct Condition of a species that has died out and has no living members
Relative dating Method of determining the age of a fossil by comparing its placement with that of fossils in other rock layers
Index fossil Distinctive fossil that is used to compare the relative ages of fossils
Radiometric dating Method for determining the age of a sample from the ratio of a radioactive isotope to the nonradioactive isotope of the same element in a sample
Half-life Length of time required for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay
Geologic time scale Timeline used to represent Earth’s entire history
Era Major division of geologic time; usually divided into two or more periods
Period Division of geologic time into which eras are subdivided
Plate tectonics Geologic processes, such as continental drift, volcanoes, and earthquakes, resulting from plate movement
Macroevolutionary Patterns Changes in anatomy, phylogeny, and behavior that take place in clades larger than a single species
Background extinction Extinction caused by the slow and steady process of natural selection
Mass extinction Event during which many species become extinct during a relatively short period of time
Gradualism Evolution of a species by gradual accumulation of small genetic changes over long periods of time
Punctuated equilibrium Pattern of evolution in which long, stable periods are interrupted by brief periods of more rapid change
Adaptive radiation Process by which a single species or a small group of species evolves into several different forms
Convergent evolution Process by which unrelated organisms independently evolve similarities when adapting to similar environments
Coevolution Process by which two species evolve in response to change in each other over time
Endosymbiosis theory Theory that proposes that eukaryotic cells form a symbiotic relationship among several different prokaryotic cells
Created by: EllyNicole11
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