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Renal sytem

urinary sytem

QuestionAnswer
What are the main components of the urinary system? Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder, Urethra
Where are the kidneys located? Retroperitoneally on the posterior abdominal wall, between T12–L2
Why is the right kidney slightly lower than the left? Because of the liver’s position
What is the function of the ureters? Transport urine via peristalsis (25 cm tubes with smooth muscle)
What are the structural features of the bladder? Detrusor muscle, transitional epithelium, pelvic floor support
What are the two major regions of the kidney? Cortex (outer fused region) & Medulla (divided into pyramids)
What is the function of the renal hilum? It transmits the renal artery, renal vein, and ureter
Where do the renal arteries originate from? The aorta
Where do the renal veins drain? Into the inferior vena cava (IVC)
What are the main components of a nephron? Glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule, PCT, Loop of Henle, DCT, Collecting duct
What are the primary functions of nephrons? Fluid regulation, ion balance, pH control, waste excretion, hormone production
What forces drive glomerular filtration? Hydrostatic pressure & oncotic pressure
What occurs in the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)? Major reabsorption of water, Na+, glucose, amino acids
What is the role of the Loop of Henle? Concentrates urine by reabsorbing water & NaCl
What happens in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) & collecting duct? Final adjustments in NaCl & water reabsorption
How does ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone) affect the kidneys? Increases water reabsorption in the DCT & collecting duct
Created by: REDZ17
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