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PS5.2.1-2
Force and Motion
| vocab and question stems | definitions and answers |
|---|---|
| Force | A push or pull that makes an object move, stop, or change direction. |
| Motion | A change in an object’s position over time. |
| Speed | How fast an object moves; calculated as distance ÷ time. |
| Direction | The path an object moves (e.g., north, south, left, right, forward, backward). |
| Friction | A force that slows down or stops motion when two surfaces rub together. |
| Gravity | A non-contact force that pulls objects toward the center of the Earth. |
| Mass | The amount of matter in an object; more mass requires more force to move. |
| Relative Motion | Motion depends on what it is compared to (e.g., sitting in a moving bus vs. standing on the sidewalk). |
| Position | The location of an object compared to another object. |
| Distance | The total length an object moves. |
| Time | The measurement of how long an object takes to move a certain distance. |
| Axis | A reference line used in graphs; time is usually on the X-axis and distance on the Y-axis. |
| Cardinal Directions | The four main directions: North, South, East, and West. |
| Contact Force | A force that requires objects to touch (e.g., pushing a door). |
| Non-Contact Force | A force that acts without touching (e.g., gravity or magnetism). |
| Acceleration | An increase in an object’s speed. |
| Deceleration | A decrease in an object’s speed. |
| Balanced Forces | Forces that cancel each other out and do not cause motion. |
| Unbalanced Forces | Forces that are not equal and cause motion. |
| Graphing Motion | Distance-time graphs show how motion changes; a steeper slope means faster movement. |
| Reference Point | A stationary object used to determine motion (e.g., a tree when watching a moving car). |
| If a bus and a person are moving at the same speed, are they moving relative to each other? | No, because they are moving at the same speed in the same direction. |
| What force slows down a sliding book? | Friction |
| If an object has more mass, does it need more or less force to move? | More force |
| What force pulls everything down to Earth? | Gravity |
| What would happen if there were no friction between your shoes and the ground? | You would not be able to walk easily because your feet would slide with no grip. |
| Why would you want friction in some situations? | Friction is helpful when stopping a bike, gripping a pencil, or walking. |
| When would you not want it? | You wouldn’t want friction when sliding down a slide, moving parts in an engine, or skating on ice. |
| What would happen if you kicked a soccer ball in space where there is no gravity or friction? | The ball would keep moving forever in the same direction because there’s no friction or gravity to slow it down. |
| What would happen if you increased the mass of an object but applied the same amount of force? | The object would move more slowly or might not move at all because more mass requires more force to move it. |
| What would happen if a moving car suddenly had no friction between its tires and the road? | The car wouldn’t be able to slow down or stop easily—it would keep sliding forward! |
| What would happen if you pushed a heavy box and a light box with the same amount of force? | The light box would move faster, while the heavy box would move more slowly because it has more mass. |
| What would happen if Earth had no gravity? | Everything, including people, water, and air, would float away into space. |
| What would happen if two objects of different masses were dropped at the same time from the same height? | They would hit the ground at the same time because gravity accelerates all objects equally (ignoring air resistance). |
| What would happen if you were riding a bike and suddenly stopped pedaling? | Friction and air resistance would gradually slow you down until you stopped. |
| What would happen if the force applied to an object was greater than the forces resisting its motion? | The object would accelerate (increase in speed). |
Created by:
cormiej
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