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Unit 3

Infection Control Part 1

QuestionAnswer
Infectious disease that is always present to some extent in the general population Endemic
Infectious disease that infects a large group of people ina specific population all at once Epidemic
Infectious disease that is so widespread that it affects populations worldwide Pandemic
What is an infection that is contracted while in a hospital or other health care setting? Health care-associated infection (HAI)
What type of chemical is safe to use on the skin to kill pathogens or keep them from growing? Antiseptic
Living thing that cannot be seen with the naked eye; found in air, soil, water, food, plants, animals, and humans Microbes or Microorganisms
Microbes that can cause illness Pathogens
Harmless microbes that help the human body function properly Normal or resident flora
Microbe that can change from harmless to pathogenic Opportunistic
Illnesses caused by viruses Common cold, flu, COVID-19, fever blisters (herpes simplex), hepatitis, chickenpox (varicella zoster), acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
Illnesses caused by fungi Ringworm (Tinea corporis), athlete's foot (Tinea pedis), candidiasis (vaginal yeast infection), thrush (yeast infection in the mouth)
Illnesses caused by parasites Helminths (pinworms, tapeworms, roundworms), protozoa (malaria, amebic dysentery)
Illnesses caused by bacteria Strep throat, E. coli, urinary tract infections, tuberculosis (TB), bacterial meningitis, syphilis
Body's defense that help to protect us from all pathogens Nonspecific defense mechanisms
Nonspecific defense mechanisms Healthy intact skin, mucous membranes, stomach acid, tears, the acts of coughing and sneezing, leukocytes
Specialized proteins developed by the immune system to help fight off specific microbes Antibodies
Medication that is able to kill bacteria or make it difficult for them to reproduce and grow Antibiotics
Possible signs of infection Increase in body temperature; Rapid pulse, respiratory rate, or change in BP; Pain, coughing, or difficulty breathing; Redness, swelling, or pain; Foul-smelling, or cloudy urine; Pain or difficulty urinating; Diarrhea or foul-smelling feces; Nausea or
Nonliving objects that are capable of transmitting diseases Fomites
Living creatures that can transmit diseases Vectors
When a noninfected person makes physical contact with an infected person, or inhales or ingests droplets exhaled by the infected person Direct transmission
When a noninfected person comes into contact with a nonliving object that has been contaminated by a pathogen Indirect transmission
Illness caused by a pathogen Infection
For a person to get a communicable infection, six key conditions must be present, known as .... The chain of infection
Diseases that can be spread from one person to another Communicable diseases
An infection that can be easily transmitted from one person to another through casual contact Contagious infection
A place that is suitable for a pathogen's survival Reservoir
The way that a pathogen leaves the reservoir Portal of exit
The way a pathogen physically gets from one person to another Method of transmission
The method by which a pathogen enters the new person's body Portal of entry
The very young or old, poor general health, stress and fatigue, indwelling medical devices Risk factors that make a person more susceptible to get an infection
Disease-producing microbe that is transmitted to another person through blood or other body fluids Bloodborne pathogen
Blood, urine, feces, vomitus, saliva, wound drainage, sweat, semen, vaginal secretions, tears, cerebrospinal fluid, amniotic fluid, and breast milk Body fluids
Inflammation of the liver Hepatitis
People who are infected with a virus but do not show symptoms Carriers
Created by: NrsToniJ1
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