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Rhodes Chapter 11

The Sun-Earth-Moon System

TermDefinition
orbit the path an object follows as it moves around another object
revolution the orbit of one object around another object
gravity an attractive force that exists between all objects that have mass
rotation the spin of an object around its axis
rotation axis the line around which an object rotates
intensity the amount of energy that passes through a square meter of space in one second
equator the imaginary line that divides Earth into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres
solstice when Earth's rotation axis is tilted directly toward or away from the Sun
equinox when Earth's rotation axis is tilted neither toward nor away from the Sun
(moon) phase the portion of the moon or a planet reflecting light as seen from Earth
waxing phases the phases of the Moon in which more of the Moon's near side is lit each night
waning phases the phases of the Moon in which less of the Moon's near side is lit each night
umbra the central, darker part of a shadow where light is totally blocked
penumbra the lighter part of a shadow where light is partially blocked
solar eclipse when the Moon's shadow appears on Earth's surface because the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun
lunar eclipse when the Moon moves into Earth's shadow because the Earth passes between the Moon and the Sun
ocean tide the periodic rise and fall of the ocean's surface caused by the gravitational force between Earth and the Moon, and Earth and the Sun
daily tide the predictable rise and fall of the ocean's surface each day
high tide when the ocean's surface reaches its highest point
low tide when the ocean's surface reaches its lowest point
tidal range the difference in water height between a high tide and a low tide
spring tide the largest tidal range that occurs when the Sun, Earth, and the Moon form a straight line
neap tide the lowest tidal range that occurs when the Sun, Earth, and the Moon form a right angle
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