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Bio Flash test 2
Bio
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is entropy? | The natural tendency for energy to disperse evenly. |
| What is the first law of thermodynamics? | Energy cannot be created or destroyed. |
| Why does a chemical bond hold energy? | For potential release during a chemical reaction to break/form bonds. |
| What is the second law of thermodynamics? | Heat has a tendency to disperse and spread evenly. Also known as "Entropy". Energy transfer is not 100% efficient. |
| What is the tendency for energy to disperse and spread evenly called? | Entropy. |
| What is chemical bond energy? | The amount of energy required to break apart a bond. The more stable the bond, the more energy it takes to break. |
| What is activation energy? | The energy required to to activate or do a task or reaction. |
| How do cells store and retrieve energy in organic molecules? | Converting them to ATP through an electron transport chain/cellular respiration. |
| What is enzyme specificity? | Enzymes only bind to specific molecules based on shape , like a lock and key. |
| What are metabolic pathways? | A series of interconnected chemical reactions within a cell. |
| What is the role of ATP? | The primary energy carrier within a cell. Basically, the energy required to live! |
| What are some things that influence diffusion? | Temperature, surface area, concentration gradient, size of molecule. |
| What is concentration gradient? | A gradient in which the concentration of a molecule is higher at one point than the other side. Molecules tend to move towards the higher concentration, much like the bystander effect in humans. |
| What is selective permeability in the lipid bilayers? | Only certain things are allowed to pass based on shape. |
| Why does a cell require transport proteins? | Because the selectively permeable layer only allows non-polar molecules to pass through. |
| Does passive or active transport require energy? | Active. |
| Why does active transport require energy? | It is moving molecules against their concentration gradient. |
| How do transport proteins move molecules across membranes? | The walls are hydrophobic, so they create hydrophilic pathways to pull the correctly shaped molecules through. |
| What is the structure of the thylakoid membranes? | They are pouch-like sacs bound to a membrane in the chloroplast. They contain the pigment (chlorophyll) that absorbs light. |
| What is the pathway of photosynthesis? | CO2 + H2O --> C6H12O6 + O2 |
| What does the stomata do? | Regulates gas exchange between plant and environment. |
| What is the relationship between light wavelength and energy? | They are inversely proportional. Longer wavelengths means less energy, vice versa. |
| What are pigments? | Colored particles that add color to other materials. They absorb light different depending on wavelength. |
| Why do organisms use different pigments for photosynthesis? | They use the pigments that absorb just the right amount of light. Too much or too little can kill them. |
| Why does oxygen form during light dependent reactions? | It is a bi-product of the CO2 used within the reactions. |
| What is electron transport phosphorylation? | Energy is generated by transferring electrons along an electron transport chain. It is what provides ATP. |
| What is the role of carbon fixation? | It fixates on the carbon in the environment and converts it into organic compounds. |
| What is photorespiration? | Not to be confused with cellular respiration. Photo respiration is a case in which a plant accidentally fixates on the oxygen instead of the carbon in CO2. It is very wasteful and does not generate much energy. |
| What is aerobic respiration? | The process of breaking down glucose for energy in the presence of oxygen. |
| How is photosynthesis like aerobic respiration? | It uses the same formula but backwards. The substrates and products are backwards. |
| Why does the breakdown of glucose in fermentation yield less ATP than aerobic respiration? | It only utilizes the glycolysis stage and therefore generates minimal ATP. |
| What is glycolysis? | The first step in cellular respiration and does not need oxygen. It generates a small amount of ATP. |
| Why does aerobic respiration require oxygen? | It is the final electron receptor at the end of the electron transport chain and is required to pull the molecules against their concentration gradient. |
| What does ATP formation look like in fermentation pathways? | Using glycolysis, it splits glucose into 2 pyruvate and 2 ATP. |
| Why does fermentation not require oxygen? | It uses glycolysis, which only needs proteins to break down. |
| What are some commercial uses for alcoholic fermentation? | To produce alcoholic beverages like beer, wine, etc. |
| What are some commercial uses for lactate fermentation? | To produce yogurt, bread, cheese, etc. |
| How do muscle cells use both aerobic respiration and fermentation? | Cells typically use aerobic respiration for general activity. However, during exercise, they need more energy to keep up. So they use fermentation to provide further energy, which generates lactic acid and makes your muscles burn. Called citric acid cycle |
| How does oxidizing an organic compound fuel ATP production ? | The use of oxygen means electron transport chains can be formed, which are very efficient in the generation of ATP. |
| How are other organic molecules broken down in aerobic respiration? | Organic molecules like citrate become oxidized and produce NADH and CO2. The NADH transports the molecule, which later becomes ATP, |
Created by:
Norania
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