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Nervous System
Essentials to Healthcare
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| somatic | controls voluntary movements (e.g., moving arms, walking) |
| autonomic | controls involuntary functions (e.g., heart rate, digestion) |
| parasympathetic | "rest and digest" system; slow heart rate, increases digestion |
| sympathetic | "fight or flight" system; speeds up heart rate, increases alertness |
| nervous system divisions | central & peripheral |
| central nervous system (CNS) | brain & spinal cord – processes information |
| peripheral nervous system (PNS) | nerves outside CNS (cranial & spinal nerves) – connect CNS to the body |
| location of the cerebrum | largest part of the brain, top/front area |
| frontal lobe | thinking, planning, movement |
| parietal lobe | touch, pain, temperature |
| temporal lobe | hearing, memory |
| occipital lobe | vision |
| cerebellum | "little brain" at the back; controls balance & coordination |
| medulla oblongata | controls breathing, heart rate, swallowing |
| concussion | a mild brain injury; causes confusion, dizziness |
| TBI (traumatic brain injury) | more severe than a concussion; can cause memory loss, speech issues |
| meningitis | infection of the brain/spinal cord lining; symptoms: fever, stiff neck |
| alzheimer's | brain disease causing memory loss, confusion, worsens over time |
| how many cranial nerves? | 12 pairs |
| cranial/spinal nerves | peripheral nervous system (PNS) |
| myelin sheath | fatty layer around the axons; speeds up nerve signals |
| CNS protection | skull → protects the brain blood-brain barrier → stops harmful substances from entering the brain |
| axon | sends signals AWAY from the cell body |
| dendrite | receive signals FROM other neurons |
| sensory | carries signals TO the brain (touch, pain) |
| motor | carries signals FROM the brain (muscle movement) |
| fight-or-flight | sympathetic |
| what happens in F-O-F mode? | increased heart rate, fast breathing, sweating, dilated pupils, more blood to muscles |
| rest-and-digest | parasympathetic |
| what happens in R-A-D mode? | slowed heart rate, digestion improves, relaxed muscles, normal breathing |
Created by:
katie.nguyen
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