Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Biology 2
BIONOTES 3RD QUARTER
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who was the scientist associated with the theory of evolution? | Charles Darwin (1809-1882) |
| He laid the foundation for modern evolutionary biology | Charles Darwin (1809-1882) |
| What years was Charles Darwin alive? | 1809-1882 |
| Which book did Charles Darwin publish? | On the Origin of Species (1859) |
| What significance was Charles Darwin's work? | Darwin's work laid the foundation for modern evolutionary biology. |
| Who independently conceived the idea of natural selection around the same time as Darwin? | Alfred Russel Wallace (1823-1913) |
| He is best known for his studies of the flora and fauna of the Malay Archipelago, and his observations led him to propose that species evolve in response to environmental pressures. | Alfred Russel Wallace (1823-1913) |
| What significance was Alfred Russel Wallace work? | Wallace's work provided strong support for the theory of evolution, and his contributions were vital in the development of Darwin's own thinking. Darwin and Wallace are jointly credited with the formulation of natural selection. |
| He is famous for his early theory of evolution, often called Lamarckism | Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744–1829) |
| He proposed that organisms change over time and pass on traits acquired during their lifetime to their offspring. | Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744–1829) |
| For example, he suggested that the necks of giraffes became longer because ancestral giraffes stretched their necks to reach higher foliage. | Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744–1829) |
| He was a leading evolutionary biologist of the 20th century. He is best known for his work on speciation (the formation of new species) | Ernst Mayr (1904-2005) |
| He is known for defining the biological species concept, which states that species are groups of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring | Ernst Mayr (1904-2005) |
| Who is the central figure in the Modern Synthesis | Theodosius Dobzhansky (1900-1975) |
| His work in population genetics demonstrated how genetic variation in populations is essential for the process of evolution. | Theodosius Dobzhansky (1900-1975) |
| His famous statement, "Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution," highlighted the importance of understanding evolution in all biological disciplines. | Theodosius Dobzhansky (1900-1975) |
| He is a contemporary evolutionary scientist and the author of The Selfish Gene (1976), which popularized the gene-centered view of evolution | Richard Dawkins (1941-present) |
| He argues that natural selection operates at the level of the gene rather than the individual or species. | Richard Dawkins (1941-present) |
| He is an English economist and demographer whose ideas on population growth significantly influenced Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection | Thomas Maltus (1766-1834) |
| He is best known for his work, An Essay on the Principle of Population (1798), in which he discussed the relationship between population growth and resources | Thomas Maltus (1766-1834) |
| He believed that because resources are limited, individuals within a population must compete for them. When population growth outstrips resource availability, this leads to a "struggle for existence" where only a fraction of individuals would survive | Thomas Maltus (1766-1834) |
| _______ are the preserved remains or traces of organisms from the past. | Fossils |
| _____ provides a chronological history of life on Earth, showing how species have changed over time. | |
| Crucial Evidence: Fossil Evidence | Transitional Fossils, Gradual Change Over Time, Extinction and New Species |
| Crucial Evidence: Fossils that show intermediary stages between different groups of organisms. Provide evidence of gradual change over another. | Transitional Fossils |
| Crucial Evidence: Fossils of progressively older layers show a gradual change in species. | Gradual Change Over Time |
| Crucial Evidence: The fossil record shows the extinction of many species, with new species appearing over time. This fits with the idea of natural selection, where some species are better suited to survive than others. | Extinction and New Species |
| Example of Transitional Fossils | For example, Archaeopteryx, a fossil with characteristics of both dinosaurs and birds, demonstrates the transition between reptiles and birds. |
| Example of Gradual Change Over Time | For example, the fossil record shows a sequence of changes in the evolution of whales from land-dwelling, hoofed mammals (e.g., Ambulocetus) to fully aquatic whales (e.g., Balaenoptera). |
| The study of similarities and differences in the anatomy of different species. | Comparative Anatomy |
| Evidences of Evolution | Fossil Evidence, Comparative Anatomy, Embryology, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Biogeography |
| Crucial Evidence: Comparative Anatomy | Homologous Structures, Vestigial Structure, Analogous Structures |
| Crucial Evidence: Anatomical features that are similar in structure due to shared ancestry, even if they serve different functions. | Homologous Structures |
| Crucial Evidence: Body parts that have lost their original function through evolution. (These structures are remnants of evolutionary ancestors.) | Vestigial Structures |
| Crucial Evidence: These are similar structures that arise from convergent evolution, where different species develop similar traits independently due to similar environmental pressures. | Analogous Structures |
| Example of Homologous Structures | For example, the forelimbs of humans, whales, bats, and cats have different functions but similar bone structures, indicating a common evolutionary origin. |
| Example of Vestigial Structures | Examples include the human appendix, the pelvic bones in whales, and the wings of flightless birds like ostriches. |
| Example of Analogous Structures | For example, the wings of bats, birds, and insects all serve the function of flight but evolved separately, showing how different lineages can develop similar adaptations. |
| The study of the development of embryos from fertilization to birth. | Embryology |
| Crucial Evidence: Early embryos of many vertebrates (e.g., fish, birds, humans) look remarkably similar, suggesting a common ancestry. | Similarity in Early Development, Embryology |
| TRUE OR FALSE: Embryos of all vertebrates have tail and pharyngeal slits. | TRUE |
| The study of genes, DNA, and proteins to understand the genetic makeup of organisms. | Genetics and Molecular Biology |
| _____ Help determine how recently species shared common ancestors and help trace lineage and divergence. | DNA |
| Crucial Evidence: Genetics and Molecular Biology | DNA Sequencing, Genetic Mutations |
| Crucial Evidence: The more closely related two species are, the more similar their DNA sequences. | DNA Sequencing |
| Crucial Evidence: When comparing the genetic sequences of different species, we can trace how these mutations have accumulated and diverged over time, supporting the idea of descent with modification. | Genetic Mutation |
| Crucial Evidence: Over time, mutations accumulate in the genome, and these mutations are passed down through generations. | Genetic Mutation |
| The study of the geographic distribution of species. | Biogeography |
| Crucial Evidence: Biogeography | Species Distribution, Adaptive Radiation |
| Crucial Evidence: For example marsupial mammals such as kangaroos are found primarily in Australia while placental mammals dominate other continents. This pattern suggests that marsupials evolved in isolation after Australia separated from otherlandmasses | Species Distribution |
| Crucial Evidence: The distribution of species across continents supports evolution. | Species Distribution |
| Crucial Evidence: Species often evolve to fill different ecological niches in different geographic areas. | Adaptive Radiation |
| Crucial Evidence: For example, Darwin’s finches on the Galápagos Islands evolved into different species with varied beaks adapted to different food sources, demonstrating how populations adapt to specific environments over time. | Adaptive Radiation |
| where related species evolve different traits and adapt to different environments, leading to the development of distinct species | DIVERGENT EVOLUTION |
| occurs when two or more species that share a common ancestor evolve in different ways, often due to differing selective pressures in their environments. | DIVERGENT EVOLUTION |
| occurs when organisms from different evolutionary backgrounds evolve similar traits or behaviors because they adapt to similar environments or ecological niches | Convergent evolution |
| Example of divergent evolution | Wolves and dogs |
| Example of convergent evolution | In this case, both WORMS AND SNAKES have developed legless bodies to move efficiently through their environments, but they are from different lineages. |
| is the branch of biology that deals with the classification, naming, and identification of living organisms. | TAXONOMY |
| It organizes biological diversity into hierarchical categories based on shared characteristics, allowing scientists to study and communicate about organisms more effectively. | TAXONOMY |
| Key Concepts in Taxonomy: | Hierarchy of Classification, Binomial Nomenclature, Taxonomic Classification Criteria, Phylogenetic Tree, Modern Taxonomy, Domains of Life, Evolutionary Relationships and Cladistics, Species Concept |
| Key Concepts in Taxonomy: Organisms are classified into a hierarchy of categories (also called taxa), starting with the broadest and most inclusive group and becoming more specific and exclusive at each level. | Hierarchy of Classification |
| The primary levels of classification are: Hierarchy of Classification | Domain(Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya) Kingdom( Animalia, Plantae, Fungi) Phylum(Chordata, Arthropoda) Class(Mammalia, Insecta) Order(Carnivora, Lepidoptera) Family(Felidae, Canidae) Genus(Panthera, Homo) Species(Panthera leo [lion] Homo sapiens-humans |
| Developed by Carl Linnaeus, __________ is a two-part system of naming species. Each species is given a scientific name consisting of: | Binomial Nomenclature |
Created by:
annebelle
Popular Biology sets