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Rocks & Minerals 2
6th Grade Science: Unit 6 - Rocks
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a rock? | a combination of one or more minerals or organic matter |
| What are the three types of rocks? | 1) igneous 2) sedimentary and 3) metamorphic |
| What two places do igneous rocks form? | 1) below Earth's surface within Earth's crust and 2) at Earth’s surface through volcanic eruptions (deep underground) |
| What does composition mean? | the specific types of minerals and organic matter a rock contains and the proportions of each mineral that make up the rock |
| What are most rocks made up of? | Quartz and feldspar (contains Silica) |
| Limestone is made up of | calcite |
| What is the texture of rocks? | the shape, size, and position of the grains that make up a rock |
| What does coarse-grained mean? | large grains that are easy to see with your eyes – takes longer to cool giving mineral crystals more time to grow |
| What does fine-grained mean? | small grains that can only be seen by using a hand lens or microscope – cools quickly with little to no crystals |
| Define: Igneous Rocks | rocks that form when magma or lava cools and solidifies |
| What did Igneous rock begin as? | Magma |
| What are the 3 ways that magma can form? | (1) when rock is heated (2) when pressure is released (3) when rock changes composition |
| What does it mean when magma freezes? | it solidifies into igneous rock |
| What is Magma? | Magma is a mixture of many minerals |
| Define: Felsic | rocks which are enriched in the lighter elements such as silicon, oxygen, aluminum, sodium, and potassium |
| Define: Mafic | dark colored rocks enrich in calcium, iron, and magnesium |
| Define: Intrusive | magma pushes into surrounding rock below the earth's surface and cools quickly with very small or no forms |
| Define: Extrusive | forms when magma erupts onto the earth's surface |
| What are 3 characteristics of Obsidian? | (1) Dark colored (2) Volcanic glass (3) Cools rapidly |
| Define: Sedimentary Rocks | types of rocks formed from the accumulation and cementation of sediments |
| What formed sedimentary rocks? | erosion |
| What happens to Sediments rocks over time? | they move from one place to another |
| Which type of rock would be deposited in layers? | sedimentary |
| Where would you find the older sedimentary rocks? | at the bottom |
| What happens to the layers of the sedimentary rocks? | they get compacted and cemented together |
| Where are sedimentary rocks formed near? | the Earth’s surface |
| Is heat needed to make sedimentary rocks? | No |
| Is pressure needed to make sedimentary rocks? | no |
| Define: Strata | layer of rock |
| Define: Stratification | the process in which sedimentary rocks are arranged in layers |
| Define: Clastic | made of fragments of rocks cemented together |
| Define: Chemical Sedimentary | minerals crystallize out of solution to become rocks |
| Define: Organic Sedimentary | rock that contains large amounts of organic material, such as plant and animal remains. |
| Define: Metamorphic Rocks | a rock that has been transformed from its original form into a new rock type due to changes in temperature and pressure |
| What does metamorphic mean? | to change shape |
| What type of rock changes with temperature and pressure but remains a solid? | Metamorphic rock |
| Where does the metamorphic rock take place? | deep in the Earth |
| Define: Contact metamorphism | a type of metamorphism where a rock's mineralogy and texture change due to heat from direct contact with a hot magma |
| Define: Regional metamorphism | geological process where rocks undergo significant changes in their mineralogy and texture over a large area due to increased temperature and pressure |
| Define: Foliated | contains aligned grains of flat minerals |
| Define: Non-foliated | a rock does not have visible layers or banding |
| Name a type of metamorphic rock that is foliated? | phyllite |
| List some examples of Igneous rocks | Granite, Rhyolite, Gabbro, Balsalt, Obsidian |
| List some examples of Sedimentary rocks | Limestone, Coal |
| List some examples of Metamorphic rocks | Phyllite |
| Explain 3 ways rocks can make our lives easier. | (1) crucial building material (2) filter our drinking water (3) essential for mineral extraction |
| Why do some igneous rocks form larger crystals than others? | Igneous rocks form larger crystals when magma cools slowly, allowing more time for crystal growth (while rapid cooling leads to smaller crystals) |
| What is a subduction zone? | where one tectonic plate slides beneath another at a convergent plate boundary |
| Why do metamorphic rocks form at subduction zones? | due to the high pressure and relatively low temperatures experienced by the subducting oceanic crust |
| What conditions are necessary for rocks to melt? | high temperature, reduced pressure, or the addition of volatiles like water, which lowers the melting point |
| Which process would turn a metamorphic or sedimentary rock into an igneous rock? | Melting |
| What type of igneous rock is formed when magma cools slowly beneath the crust of the Earth? | Intrusive |
| What type of texture will an intrusive igneous rock have and why? | Corse grained because the slow cooling allows more time for crystals to form |
| Volcanic activity on Earth’s surface most likely results in the formation of what type of igneous rock? | Extrusive |
| What kind of texture does this type of igneous rock have? Explain why. | Fine grained because the quick cooling allows less time for crystals to grow |
| A rock exists at the surface of Earth. What would be the next step in the rock cycle for the formation of sedimentary rock? | Weathering |
| What are the steps in the rock cycle to form a sedimentary rock? | Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Compaction, Cementation |
| What type of rock are fossils found in? | Sedimentary |
| Why are fossils not usually found in rock types other than sedimentary rocks? | The formation processes of igneous and metamorphic rocks, involve extreme heat and pressure, destroy any organic material |
| Explain how a clastic sedimentary rock is formed. | Made of fragments of rocks of rocks cemented together by calcite or quartz |
| What type of rock has had its composition and texture changed by heat and pressure? | Metamorphic |
| What are the two groups of metamorphic rocks? | (1) Foliated (2) Non foliated |
| The metamorphic process in which mineral grains are arranged in bands is called what? | Foliation |
| Explain what the Mohs Hardness scale tells us about minerals. | A scale from 1 to 10, that measures a mineral's resistance to scratching, with 1 being the softest (like talc) and 10 the hardest (like diamond). |
| Which types of rocks can change into a metamorphic rock? | Any |
| Define: Stratification | Earth or rock break down the organic material |
Created by:
Engle Family
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