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plants+water
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why is water essential for life? | Water is fundamental for all living organisms and ecosystem functions. |
| What is primary productivity, and how does it relate to water? | The rate at which photosynthetic organisms create organic compounds from CO₂. It depends on water availability. |
| What is the formula for Water Potential (Ψ)? | Ψ = Ψs (Solute Potential) + Ψp (Pressure Potential) + Ψm (Matric Potential) |
| What is Solute Potential (Ψs)? | Water moves by osmosis in response to solute concentration. |
| What is Pressure Potential (Ψp)? | The hydrostatic pressure that helps maintain plant cell structure. |
| What is Matric Potential (Ψm)? | The adhesion of water to soil particles. |
| What is the water potential of pure water? | 0 MPa (by definition). |
| How do stomata regulate water loss? | Stomata open when guard cells are turgid and close when they are flaccid. |
| What percentage of Earth’s freshwater passes through stomata annually? | 60-70% |
| What drives transpiration in plants? | Low water potential in the atmosphere, pulling water up through continuous strands in the xylem. |
| What happens if water shortages break transpiration? | It disrupts water transport, affecting nutrient uptake & cooling. |
| How do plants support the hydrological cycle? | Through transpiration & water retention in ecosystems. |
| Name two ecosystems where plants regulate water balance. | Saltmarshes & mangroves (buffer zones, prevent erosion). |
| What percentage of global freshwater use goes to agriculture? | ~70% |
| What is the world’s tallest tree? | Hyperion (115.5 m, Coast Redwood, Sequoia sempervirens). |
| Name another tree species with high water transport capacity. | Eucalyptus amygdaloides |
| What percentage of global food production relies on irrigation? | 50% |
| Why is research into salt & drought-tolerant crops important? | To increase food security and adapt to climate change. |