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Hepatobiliary System

QuestionAnswer
What are the three main organs of the hepatobiliary system? Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas
Where is the hepatobiliary system located? In the peritoneal cavity, near the diaphragm, stomach, jejunum, and ascending colon.
Name the four lobes of the liver. Left, Right, Caudate, Quadrate
What are the major blood vessels supplying the liver? Hepatic artery (oxygenated blood) Hepatic portal vein (nutrient-rich blood from GI tract)
Through which structures does blood exit the liver? Sinusoids → Central vein → Inferior vena cava
What are the primary metabolic functions of the liver? Glycogen → Glucose conversion Bile salt synthesis (from cholesterol) Ammonia detoxification (into urea)
What role do Kupffer cells play? Phagocytosis of bacteria & old red blood cells
What are hepatocytes responsible for? Protein synthesis (e.g., prothrombin) Carbohydrate metabolism (gluconeogenesis) Lipid metabolism (cholesterol synthesis)
What is bilirubin? A breakdown product of hemoglobin (excreted by the liver).
What is the function of bile? Emulsifies fats to aid digestion.
What condition results from excess cholesterol in bile? Gallstones
What is the primary function of the gallbladder? Stores & concentrates bile.
Which hormone stimulates bile release? Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Where does bile enter the digestive tract? Duodenum
What are the three regions of the pancreas? Head, Body, Tail
Name the two pancreatic ducts. Duct of Wirsung (Major) Duct of Santorini (Accessory)
Which arteries supply blood to the pancreas? Superior & Inferior Pancreaticoduodenal Arteries
What are the two main functions of the pancreas? Exocrine – Digestive enzyme secretion Endocrine – Hormone secretion (Insulin, Glucagon)
What is the role of pancreatic juice components? Water, NaCl, NaHCO3 – Neutralizes stomach acid Amylase – Digests carbohydrates Lipase – Digests fats Trypsin, Chymotrypsin, Elastase – Digests proteins
How are the liver & pancreas connected in metabolism? Glucose tolerance test highlights their role in blood glucose regulation.
What happens when the liver fails to excrete bilirubin properly? Jaundice (yellowing of the skin/eyes).
Created by: REDZ17
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