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chapter 3 pt2
Digestion, absorption, and transport
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| digestion | breakdown of food in digestive system |
| absorption | process by which nutrients and other substances are transferred from digestive system toblood for transport throughout body |
| enzymes | protein substances that facilitate chemical processes(digestive enzymes) |
| transport | once a nutrient has entered the bloodstream it is transported to any of the body cells |
| Gastorintestinal tract(GI) | extends from mouth to anus, 26 in |
| what is the path of the GI tract(mechanical digestion) | mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus |
| lumen | space within the intestine |
| food is broken down through__? | Mechanical digestion, muscular digestion, and chemical digestion |
| mechanical digestion | mechanics of digestive tract |
| muscular digestion | peristalsis, segmentation, sphincter contraction |
| chemical digestion | use of acid and enzymes |
| Mouth | digestion begins |
| pharynx(mouth -> esphagus) | bolus(food that is chewed and ready to be swallowed |
| esophagus | movement of bolus , 2 sphincters(upper and lower) |
| stomach | chyme(semi-liquid mass), pyloric sphincter at base of stomach |
| small intestine | 3 segments(duodenum, jejunum, ileum) |
| duodenum | upper segment of small intestine where most digestion takes place |
| large intestine(colon) | reabsorbs water and minerals. eleocecal valve at base of colon, open to allow waste to go to rectum, then anus, withdrawal of water |
| Common bile duct | tube that carries bile from liver and gallbladder through pancreas into small intestine |
| peristalsis | circular and longitudinal muscles working, rate/intensity of contraction vary |
| stomach action | circular, loongitudinal, and diagonal muscles, timing the release of chyme |
| segmentation | contraction of circular muscles in small intestine, mix chyme, promote contact w/absorption cells |
| sphincter contraction | periodically open and close, control pace of GI tract contents |
| esophageal sphincters | circular muscles at the upper and lower ends of the esophagus |
| pyloric sphincter | circular muscle that separates stomach from small intestine, reulates flow of partially digested food into small intestine |
| ileocecal valve | sphincter separating the small from the large intestines |
| what are the 5 organs in chemical digestion? | salivary glands, stomach, pancreas, liver, and small intestine |
| secretions | water, enzymes |
| saliva | moisten food for easy passage, contains amylase to begin starch digestion |
| gastric juice | acts primarily in protein digestion, mixture of water, enzymes, and hydrochloric acid, mucus protects stomach wall cells from acid |
| pancreas | pancreatice juice, enzymes act on all 3 energy nutrients, sodium bicarbonate from pancreas released into small intestine to neutralize stomach acid |
| pancreatic juice | realeased via ducts into duodenum |
| liver | organ where bile is synthesized, emulsifies fat, bile is stored in gallbladder |
| small intestine | 10ft, majority of absorption in duodenum, takes place via simples diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and active transport |
| villi | select and regulate nutrients absorbed |
| microvilli | enzymes and "pumps" |
| crypts | secrete intestinal juices |
| goblet | mucus secretion |
| vascular system | heart pumps blood, closed system of vessels |
| FODMAP | Fermentable Oligosaccharides, Dissacharides, Monosaccharides, and Polyols |
| probiotics | considered a preventative health factor in maintaining healthy GI tract |
| Prebiotic | dietary plant fibers that are NOT digested in the body, promote healthy bacterial growth |
Created by:
alixyoung585
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