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Chapter 3 pt1
Human body Overview- Appendix A: Cells Hormones, and nerves
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| chromosomes | structure of nucleic acids and protein found in nucleus, carries genetic information |
| cytoplasm | cell contents, excepts for nucleus |
| endoplasmic reticulum(ER) | network of intracellular membranes, rough ER is dotted w/ribosomes, where protein synthesis takes place, smooth ER has NO ribosomes |
| golgi apparatus | set of membranes within the cell where secretory materials are packaged for export |
| lysosomes | membraine-enclosed sacs of degradative enzymes |
| mitochondria | where bichemical processes of respiration and energy production occur |
| nucleus | membrane-enclosed organelle witi=hin a cell that contains the chromosomes |
| ribosomes | protein synthesis |
| Cells do what? | join together to form tissues |
| Tissues do what? | form organs |
| organs do what? | form systems |
| what are the 10 major systems? | skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive system |
| skeletal system | gives the body its shape, hold organs in place, includes muscles that help you move |
| what are muscles made of? | tightly woven stretchy fibers |
| how many muscles in the human body? | 600 |
| what are the 2 parts of the nervous system? | central and peripheral |
| central nervous system(CNS) | brain and spinal cord, brain reads signals from nerves, regulates how you think, move and feel |
| peripheral nervous system(PNS) | made up of a netwrok of nerves that branch out of the spinal cord, relays info. from brain and spinal cord to organs, arms, legs, fingers, and toes |
| wha are the 2 parts of the peripheral nervous system? | somatic and autonomic |
| Somatic nervous system | guides voluntary movements |
| autonomic nervous system | regukates involuntary activities |
| endocrine system | set of glands wjere hormones are released |
| circulatory system(cardiovascular) | supplies oxygem and nutrients thourghout the body, removes waste via the blood, heart pumps blood that flows through arteries, veins, and capillaries |
| lymphatic stsyem | network of organs, vessels, and tissues that move lymph back into your bloodstream, protects you from infection, destroys old/abnormal cells the body doesn't need |
| respiratory system | lungs, nose, mouth, and airways that connect them, some msucles and blood vessels support the repiratory system, and ribs protect it |
| Mouth | chews and mixes food w/saliva |
| pharynx | directs food fromt he mouth to esophagus |
| salivary glands | secrete saliva(contains starch-difesting enxymes) |
| epiglottis | protects airwaysduring swallowing |
| trachea | allows air to pass to and from lungs |
| esophagus | passes food from the mouth to the stomach |
| esopageal sphincters | allow passenge for =m the mouth to esophagus and from esphagus to stomach, prevent backflow from stomach to esophagus and from esophagus to stomach |
| diaphram | separates the abdomen from the thoracic cavity |
| stomach | adds acid enzymes and fluid, churns, mixes, and grinds food to a liquid mass |
| liver | manufactures bile salts detergent-like substances, to help guide fats |
| gallbladder | stores bile until needed |
| small intestine | secretes enzymes that digest all energy-yielding nutrients to smaller nutrient particles, cells of wall absorb nutrients into blood and lymph |
| sphincter | allows passage from small to large intestine, prevents backflow from large intestine |
| pancreas | manufactures enzymes to digest nutrients and releases bicarbonate ro neutralize acid chyme that enters the small intestine |
| pancreatic duct | conducts pancreatic juice from the pancreas to the small intestine |
| large intestine(colon) | reabsorbs water and minerals, passes waster along with water to the rectum |
| rectum | stores waste prior to pooping |
| anus | hold rectum closed, opens to allow poop flow |
| urinary system | bodys filtration system, removes toxins and wastes from body via urine |
| what are the main organs in urinary tract system? | 2 kidneys, 2 ureters, bladder, urethra |
| kidneys | blood filtering organs |
| ureters | ducts that connect kidneys to bladder |
| bladder | organ that hold urine |
| urethra | a tube connected to bladder that allows urine to leave body |
Created by:
alixyoung585
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