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Bio2 Ch2 StudyGuide
Ch 2 notes from Gilmore
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Glycose is broken down into molecules of ___ in anaerobic respiration | pyruvic acid |
| How does ATP change to ADP and return back to ATP? | ATP + enzyme (reaction) = ADP // ADP + energy + ADP + phosphate group = ATP; ATP has 3 phosphates, ADP has 2 |
| The first phase of cell respiration; does NOT require oxygen | anaerobic respiration |
| Cellular respiration occurs in the ___ of the cell | mitochondria |
| In ___, larger molecules are broken down ... | catabolism |
| In ___, larger molecules are constructed from simpler ones | anabolism |
| Respiration is the process by which ___ is delivered to the cell and in which ___ is released | oxygen & energy |
| Growth and energy storage occur during the ___ phase of metabolism | anabolism |
| ___ is the total of all chemical processes occurring in an organism | metabolism |
| 3 components of the ATP molecule: | a) base b) ribosome sugar c) phosphate group |
| For what purpose do plants and animals use the energy released during respiration? | to build or maintain cell materials |
| Weight loss and released of energy occurs in the ___ phase of metabolism | catabolism |
| Cellular respiration is the process by which the energy of ___ is converted to the energy of ___ in the cell | glucose / ATP |
| ___ is given off when the bonds break down between the phosphate groups | energy |
| The hydrogen bonds holding the phosphate groups of ATP molecules are broken down by ___ | enzymes |
| ___ stores and controls the release of energy within the cell | ATP |
| ___ is the reaction in anaerobic respiration in which glucose is broken down | glycolysis |
| the chemical equation for cellular respiration | C(6)H(12)O(6) + 6O(2) --> 6CO(2) + 6H(2)O --> 38 ATP ** (#) denotes subscript |
| Fermentation occurs in ___ and other microorganisms | yeasts |
| Why is aerobic respiration more efficient than anaerobic respiration? | using oxygen allows aerobic respiration to produce more energy |
| Lactic acid fermentation occurs in ___ cells to supply energy | muscle |
| ___ ___ ___ (3 words) is a chain of reactions in which pyruvic acid reacts with water to produce a weak acid and the by-products of carbon dioxide and hydrogen | citric acid cycle |
| What causes muscle soreness due to strenuous physical activity? | the build up of lactic acid |
| In the Krebs' cycle, pyruvic acid is chemically changed to ___ ___ (2 words) | citric acid |
| In lactic acid fermentation, pyruvic acid is changed to ___ ___ (2 words) and energy is released | lactic acid |
| What is meant by oxygen debt? | there is not sufficient oxygen so glucose is converted to pyruvic acid and then to lactic acid |
| Aerobic respiration requires ___ | oxygen |
| ___ is a form of cellular respiration that does not require oxygen | fermentation |
| ___ ____ (2 words) produces ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide from the reaction of glucose & enzymes | alcoholic fermentation |
| Anaerobic respiration produces ___ ATP molecules; aerobic respiration / Krebs' cycle produces ___ molecules of ATP | 2 |
| How many molecules of ATP does the electron transport chain produce | 34 |
| The total number of molecules of ATP produced during cellular respiration | 38 |
| As electrons pass from one acceptor to another within the electron transport chain, ___ is released | energy |
| The second phase of aerobic respiration which involves a series of electron acceptors attached to the inner membrane of the mitochondria | electron transport chain |
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BayHighScience
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