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Peds
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| E- COLI | Watery diarrhea for 1 to 2 days, followed by abdominal cramping and bloody diarrhea Could lead to hemolytic uremic syndrome |
| Rotavirus | Most common cause of diarrhea in children younger than 5 years Affects children of all ages Fever Onset of watery stools Diarrhea for 5 to 7 days Vomiting for approximately 2 days |
| Salmonella nontyphoidal groups | Mild to severe nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramping, bloody diarrhea, and fever (can be afebrile in infants) Diarrhea can last 2 to 3 weeks Possible headache, confusion, drowsiness, and seizures Can lead to meningitis or septicemia |
| Salmonella nontyphoidal groups transmission | Transmission: Person to person, undercooked meats and poultry |
| Yersinia enterocolitis | Mucoid, possibly bloody diarrhea Abdominal pain, fever, and vomiting Transmission: Pets and food |
| Staphylococcus | Bacterial Infection Manifestations: Diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting Transmission: Inadequately cooked or refrigerated food |
| prevention measures, including immunization for rotavirus helps | receiving diarrhea |
| dehydration manifestations | Capillary refill between 2 and 4 seconds thirst and irritability Pulse slightly increased with normal to orthostatic blood pressure Dry mucous membranes, decreased tears and skin turgor Slight tachypnea Normal to sunken anterior fontanel on infants |
| Heart failure occurs when | the heart is unable to meet the metabolic and physical demands of the body due to inadequate blood flow. |
| Increased pulmonary blood flow | ASD, VSD, PDA |
| Decreased pulmonary blood flow | Tetralogy of Fallot, tricuspid atresia |
| Obstruction to blood flow | Coarctation of the aorta, pulmonary stenosis, aortic stenosis |
| Genetic factors for heart disease | Syndromes (Trisomy 21 [Down syndrome]) |
| Ventricular septal defect (VSD) | A hole in the septum between the right and left ventricle that results in increased pulmonary blood flow (left-to-right shunt) Loud, harsh murmur auscultated at the left sternal border Heart failure Many VSDs close spontaneously early in life |
| Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) | A condition in which the normal fetal circulation conduit between the pulmonary artery and the aorta fails to close and results in increased pulmonary blood flow (left-to-right shunt) |
| PDA s/s | Systolic murmur (machine hum) Wide pulse pressure Bounding pulses Asymptomatic (possibly) Heart failure Rales |
| Aortic stenosis | A narrowing of the aortic valve Infants: Faint pulses, hypotension, tachycardia, poor feeding tolerance Children: Intolerance to exercise, dizziness, chest pain, possible ejection murmur |
| coarctation of the aorta s/s | weak femoral pulses cool skin of lower extremities Decreased blood pressure in lower extremities |
| Clubbing of the fingers | manifestation of chronic hypoxemia |
| Infective (bacterial) endocarditis | infection of the inner lining of the heart and the valves that can enter the bloodstream. Causative organisms include Streptococcus, Candida albicans, and Staphylococcus |
| Risk factors for Cardiogenic shock | cardiac surgery and with acute dysrhythmias, congestive heart failure, trauma, or cardiomyopathy. |
| S/S of cardiac shock | Dyspnea Breath sounds with crackles Grunting Hypotension Tachycardia Weak peripheral pulses |
| Manifestations of Anaphylaxis | Urticaria, periorbital or perioral angioedema, stridor, bronchospasm |
| Manifestations of hypoxemia | Cyanosis, poor weight gain, tachypnea, dyspnea, clubbing, polycythemia |
| Laboratory Tests Major burns | CBC, blood electrolytes, BUN, ABGs, random glucose levels, liver enzymes, urinalysis |
Created by:
snmartin
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