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NURS 319 Exam 2
Chp 9 - Inflammation & Dysfunctional Wound Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Inflammation | an essential process that coordinates the protection of the body from infection |
| Phase one of acute inflammation is known as | Vascular Permeability |
| Vascular phase | Increased vascular permeability; momentary vasoconstriction |
| Phase two of acute inflammation is known as | Cellular Phase |
| Cellular phase | Cellular chemotaxis |
| Chemical mediators | substances that promote or inhibit inflammatory reactions |
| Rubor | redness |
| Calor | heat |
| Dolor | pain |
| Function laesa | loss of function |
| Fluid extravasation | fluid invading tissue |
| Purulent exudate | protein-rich pus, can be green or yellow |
| Abscess | a localized, walled-off collection of purulent exudate |
| Transudate | a watery, clear fluid with low protein (usually non-infectious) |
| Effusion | the accumulation of fluid in a body cavity |
| Chemotaxis | the movement of WBC's and platelets due to chemical signaling |
| Leukocytosis | an increase in the number of WBCs |
| Margination | WBC's lining up along the endothelium |
| Diapedesis | WBCs squeezing through walls of capillaries and releasing inflammatory mediators |
| Cytokines | small proteins secreted by WBCS that stop or promote inflammation |
| Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) | a cytokine produced by macrophages that stimulates the liver to release acute-phase proteins and triggers WBC phagocytosis |
| Interleukins | a cytokine produced by macrophages that also stimulates the liver to produce acute-phase proteins (APPs) |
| Chemokines | proteins that attract leukocytes to the endothelium |
| Leukocytes | WBCs |
| C-reactive protein (CRP) | an acute-phase protein that marks foreign material for phagocytosis and activates the complement system |
| Fibrinogen | an acute-phase protein that binds to red blood cells and fixes them into stacks that precipitate |
| Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) | a lab test that looks for active inflammation in the body |
| Serum amyloid A | an acute-phase protein that is associated with chronic inflammation |
| Amyloidosis | a rare disorder in which serum amyloid A acute-phase proteins accumulate in the body and can lead to organ failure/damage |
| Hepcidin | an acute-phase protein that indicates diminished iron storage in the body when elevated |
| Granulocytes | A class of WBCs in which granules can be seen in the cytoplasm under a microscope |
| Agranulocytes | A class of WBCs in which there are no visible granules |
| Types of granulocytes | Neutrophils, Basophils, Eosinophils |
| Types of agranulocytes | Monocytes and Lymphocytes |
| Neutrophils | a WBCs that acts as an acute first responder, initiating immediate phagocytosis |
| Phagocytosis | a respiratory burst that releases free radicals that destroy microbes |
| Neutropenia | a condition where there is a very low amount of neutrophils in the blood, often due to a chronic condition like cancer, etc. |
| Leukocytosis | an elevated number of leukocytes that occurs during cellular, chemotaxis phase |
| Leukemoid reaction | a severe elevation in leukocytes |
| Systemic response | the systemic symptoms as a result of inflammatory mediators |
| Lymphadenopathy | enlargement of lymph nodes |
| Anorexia (non- ED) | decreased appetite, a common systemic symptom of inflammation |
| Pyrogens | any substance that causes fever by activating prostaglandins |
| Prostaglandins | a type of inflammatory mediator that resets the hypothalamic temperature-regulating center and can be helpful or cause more inflammation |
| Histamine | an inflammatory mediator that is released by basophils, platelets, and mast cells and causes inflammation (allergic reactions) |
| Mast cells | a type of WBC that is located in tissues next to blood vessels and contains the richest source of histamine |
| Phospholipase | an enzyme within the phospholipid membrane that is stimulated during inflammation and breaks down phospholipids into arachidonic acid (AA) |
| Leukotrienes | an inflammatory chemical produced by WBCs that breaks arachidonic acid into good or bad prostaglandins |
| Cyclooxygenase-1 (cox-1) | an enzyme that breaks down arachidonic acid into helpful prostaglandins that stimulate mucus production, increased renal perfusion, and clotting |
| Platelet aggregation | congregation of platelets to form blood clots |
| Cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-2) | an enzyme that breaks down arachidonic acid into inflammatory prostaglandins that cause pain, fever, and swelling |
| Lipoxygenase | a type of enzyme that break down arachidonic acids into leukotrienes |
| Leukotrines | an inflammatory chemical that promotes bronchospasm and bronchial edema (wheezing) |
| Cachexia | wasting of lean body mass due to mobilization of lipids and proteins |
| Chronic inflammation | constant inflammation for weeks or months with no resolution or healing |
| Hypersensitivity disorders | a type of chronic inflammation that results from excessive activation of the immune system |
| Anthracosis | also known as black lung, a lung condition resulting from exposure to toxic coal dust |
| Atherosclerosis | a chronic disease that can damage endothelin cells overtime due to narrowing and hardening of arterial walls from fat buildup |
| Stage 1 of wound healing | Hemostasis |
| Hemostasis | the body's way of preventing bleeding (platelet aggregation) |
| Stage 2 of wound healing | Inflammation |
| Stage 3 of wound healing | Proliferation |
| Proliferation | scar formation through fibroblasts forming collagen and granulation tissue, angiogenesis, and epithelialization |
| Epithelialization | the migration of new epithelial cells to grow in area of proliferation to fill in the gap between eound edges |
| Stage 4 of wound healing | scar tissue |
| Primary Intention | a simple, rapid type of wound closure where the edges are clearly brought together with no gaps or missing tissues |
| Secondary Intention | an extensive loss of tissue and inflammation resulting in contraction, scar formation, and a gap in tissue (wound tissue) |
| Tertiary Intention | a type of wound that is missing large amounts of deep tissue, resulting in contamination and requiring a drain and may also require skin grafting due to scarring |
| Eschar | dead tissue that sheds from healthy skin |
| Debridement | the removal of necrotic tissue to promote healing |
| Reepithelialization | the growth of new tissue |
Created by:
veerkabi
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