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NUR 271 Mod 1 Notes
NUR 271 - Module 1 Cardiac Notes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cardiac Cycle | RA, Tricuspid, RV, Pulmonic, Pulmonary Artery, Lungs, Pulmonary Vein, LA, Mitral, LV, Aortic |
| Systole | Ejection of blood |
| Diastole | Filling of blood ventricles (takes up 2/3 of cardiac cycle) |
| Cardiac Output | amount of blood ejected in one minute |
| CO | SV X HR |
| Cardiac Index | cardiac output divided by the body surface area |
| Influences Stroke Volume | Preload, afterload, Contractility |
| Preload | volume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole (end diastolic pressure) |
| Afterload | Resistance left ventricle must over come to circulate blood |
| Increase afterload examples | Hypertension, vasoconstriction, will cause ventricular hypertrophy |
| Decrease Afterload examples | vasodilation, sepsis, hypothermia, results in decrease BP |
| Increase preload examples | Hypervolemia, regurg of cardiac valves |
| Decrease preload examples | hypovolemia, will result in less oxygenated blood to the tissues |
| Treatment for preload problems | Fluid in low preload, diuretics for high preload |
| Contractility | Force of the contraction of the heart, influenced by SNS, can be manipulated by meds such as positive inotropes (digoxin) |
| Decreased CO | hypoperfusion (cold clammy, decreased urine output) |
| Increased CO | Hyperperfusion (warm, bounding pulse, JVD, crackles) |
| Ejection fraction | % of blood that leaves the heart with each beat |
| Lower the ejection fraction | the worse the patient may experience symptoms |
| Non invasive hemodynamic monitoring | BP cuff |
| Invasive hemodynamic monitoring | arterial line, pulmonary artery catheter, central venous pressure (all allow for more information but never replaces patient assessment ) |
| MAP > 60 mmHg | perfusion to vital organs |
| MAP < 60 mmHg | loss of perfusion to vital organs (usually the kidneys loose perfusion first aka decrease urine output) |
| Hemodynamics tell the nurse | preload, afterload, contractility, CO |
| A Line tell the nurse | Afterload& systemic vascular resistance |
| PAC tell the nurse | Preload, afterload, contractility, CO |
| CVP | preload & fluid volume status |
| Prinzmetal’s Angina | Chest pain that occurs at rest, usually in response to spasm of a major coronary artery |
Created by:
kjwahine
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