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Bio: Rep/Develop

TermDefinition
Somatic Cell Body Cells (diploid)
Diploid Two copies of each chromosome
Haploid One copy of each chromosome (half of a diploid)
Gametes Sex Cells (haploid). Egg and sperm.
Chromosomes in Humans 46 total; 23 pairs.
Meiosis Cell division to make gametes (haploid sex cells) in the gonads (ovaries and testes).
Sexual Reproduction Two parents, each give half of their DNA. (In humans, 23 from mom, 23 from dad, that equals 46 total chromosomes).
Fertilization Fusion (combining) of an egg and a sperm
Homologous chromosomes Chromosome pairs with the same types of genes (one from mom and one from dad)
Sister Chromatids Two identical copies of the same chromosome.
crossing over when chromosomes exchange DNA during meiosis. Creates new combinations of genes.
Meiosis 1 After DNA has been replicated, the cell divides into haploid cells that have two identical copies of each chromosome.
Meiosis 2 The haploid cells divide into cells that each have 1 of each chromosome. These are egg or sperm cells.
cytokinesis the division of the cytoplasm to make two cells
mitosis normal cell division to make two identical cells with full sets of chromosomes.
Gregor Mendel Monk who did experiments with pea plants and is the father of genetics.
Created by: mharms
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